Strategic approaches for the integrated development and utilization of abandoned mines in China in the new era

The development and utilization of abandoned mine resources has become a critical global issue in the fields of resource management, energy security, and environmental sustainability. This study comprehensively reviewed and analyzed the international research progress regarding the utilization of abandoned mines. Beginning with an exploration of its historical development and theoretical underpinnings, the study integrated resource science with life cycle theory to identify key constraints limiting effective utilization in the new era. A novel utilization framework was proposed based on the national economic industry classification system. On this basis, the study analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of abandoned mine resources and socio-economic development, and proposed a systematic solution for the comprehensive development and utilization of abandoned mines in the new era. It posits that the comprehensive development and utilization of abandoned mines should be supported by national strategic application needs, with the theory of human-land coupling system as the core. Future research should focus on real-time dynamic, multi energy complementary systems and cross-scale conversion technologies to realize full-element, full-process, and full-coverage utilization. In addition, it is essential to consider the multi-dimensional coupling relationship between natural elements and spatial environmental elements, develop high spatiotemporal precision energy supply and demand response collaborative simulation technology, and establish digital twin systems to support the entire development chain. These advancements will enhance intelligent decision-making capabilities and provide scientific and technological support for optimizing the planning and layout of abandoned mine utilization under long-term carbon neutrality goals.