Abstract: Kaschinbeck disease is an endemic disease which has a serious effect on the human health and economic development. This article analyses the basic situation of different regions and different hydrochemical environment and develops a comprehensive research between the Kaschiknbeck disease and hydrochemical characteristics through investigating the kaschinbeck disease of different regions in the Zequ river of Rangtang county. The hydrochemical environment is combined with the analysis results of water quality, and the hydrochemical characteristics in each section are also examined. The research results show that the occurrence of the kaschinbeck disease in the river is related with low salinity and total hardness and high humic acid. The results can provide relative basis for controlling the kaschinbeck disease in the endemic area.