Abstract: The Heihe River basin is located in an arid endorheic area in northwest China.In the recent ten years, because of the economic development and water consumption increase in the middle reaches of the rive, water entering the lower reaches has reduced considerably, cause a decrease in the ecological environment of the lower reaches. On the basis of water division scheme as well as data colleted and field investigation and using the theory of optimal distribution, this paper makes a system analysis and evaluation, and puts forward a feasible water resource macrosciouc adjustment and control scheme. It expounds that the middle reaches should be strengthened, gruided with input water project transformation, popularizes the water-saving project by fully utilizing the regulating function of the huge thick water-bearing strata, optimize exploiting groundwater resources and increasing and reducing water sources.