Characteristics and activity analysis of the catastrophic “6•26” debris flow in the Banzi catchment, Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province
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摘要: 2023年6月26日，四川省阿坝州汶川县板子沟发生灾害性泥石流，沟口冲出总量约8.28×105 m3，堵塞岷江并形成面积约0.4 km2的堰塞湖。为揭示汶川震后15 a仍发生特大型泥石流事件的内在成因机制，采用现场调查、遥感解译、地形叠加分析与动力学参数计算等方法，分析板子沟泥石流的成因和堵江特征，并在此基础上提出防治建议。研究结果表明：（1）板子沟泥石流触发降雨具有短历时高强度的特征，泥石流以沟道物源启动为主；（2）泥石流洪峰流量高达755.5 m3/s，是导致堵塞岷江的主要原因；（3）板子沟泥石流表明，震后这类泥石流的活动性因物源耦合输移而具有滞后性和长期性特点。建议加强震区泥石流隐蔽型同震滑坡物源和沟道物源动态调查评估。研究结果有助于深化对震后泥石流活动性演变规律的认识，并可为震后泥石流的防治提供科学参考。Abstract: On 26 June 2023, a catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Banzi Catchment in Wenchuan county of Sichuan province. This debris flow event is a viscous debris flow triggered by short duration heavy rainfall. The volume of debris which transported out of the catchment by debris flow is more than 8.3×105 m3, and the debris flow blocked the Minjiang River. The river blockage formed a barrier lake with an area of about 0.4 km2. To reveal the formation mechanism of the occurrence of the extremely large debris flow events 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, This paper adopts a comprehensive method of field investigation, image interpretation, topographic superposition and calculation of forced vortex. This paper also analyzes the formation mechanism of debris flow and the characteristics of river blocking. Based on the results, this paper gives some suggestions of investigation and prevention of debris flow in the Banzi catchment. The research results show that (1) the triggering rainfall is characterized by short duration and high intensity. The main initiation positions are in the channel. The main debris supply is from the debris deposition along the channel. (2) The peak discharge of debris flow is as high as 755.5 m3/s, which is the main cause of river blockage. (3) Since the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow activity of the Banzi Catchment has the characteristics of lag and long-term because of the coupled transport of debris on the slope and along the channel. (4) The volume of the debris source which can be eroded along the channel should be paid more attention in subsequent investigation and prevention. The research results are helpful in better understanding of the activity evolution of the post-seismic debris flow. They can also provide scientific references for the prevention of the post-seismic debris flow..
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Key words:
- Wenchuan county /
- Banzi Catchment /
- post-seismic; debris flow /
- Minjiang River /
- river blocking
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图 1 板子沟泥石流堆积扇（拍摄于2023年6月27日）
Figure 1. Debris fan of the Banzi catchment (taken on 27 June, 2023)
图 3 板子沟泥石流成灾特征图（拍摄于2023年6月29日）
Figure 3. Loss characteristic of debris flow in the Banzi catchment (taken on 29 June, 2023)
图 4 弯道超高计算参数示意图
Figure 4. Definition of the geomorphometric parameters for the forced vortex equation
图 6 板子沟4号支沟启动位置及与主沟交汇处侵蚀堆积特征
Figure 6. Initiation positions in the No. 4 branch channel of Banzi catchment and the characteristic of erosion at the intersection of the main channel and the No. 4 branch channel
图 8 板子沟坡面物源与海拔统计图
Figure 8. Statistical map of elevation and debris source on the slope in the Banzi catchment
图 9 板子沟坡面物源与坡度统计图
Figure 9. Statistical map of slope and the debris source on the slope in the Banzi catchment
图 10 泥石流堆积区取样粒度分布
Figure 10. Sampling particle size distribution in the debris deposition area
图 11 研究区泥石流暴发降雨特征
Figure 11. Characteristics of the trigging rainfall in the study area
图 12 泥石流沟道侵蚀堆积分布图
Figure 12. Distribution map of the erosion and deposition along the channel
图 14 弯道超高断面分布图
Figure 14. Distribution of profiles used for the calculation of forced vortex
图 15 泥石流搬运直径超过2.5 m的巨石照片
Figure 15. Photography showing the largest blocks deposited on the fan exceeded a diameter of 2.5 m
表 1 数据清单
Table 1. Data list
数据类型 分辨率 来源 岩性数据 1∶5万 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心 高程数据 30 m ALOS全球数字地表模型 地表高程（DSM） 0.1 m 无人机测量，日期：2019-10-16，2023-06-27 卫星影像数据 3 m Planet Application Program Interface:
In Space for Life on Earth.https://api.planet.com .
日期：2023-05-24，2023-06-27，2023-07-01全色影像 0.1 m 无人机测量，日期：2019-10-16，2023-06-27 2008年同震滑坡
分布数据2.5 m 徐冲等公开数据[27] 
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表 2 泥石流洪峰流量计算参数及结果
Table 2. Calculation parameters and results of peak flow of debris flow
编号 沟道
宽度/m泥石流平
均高度/m沟道转弯曲
率半径/m超高
高度/m沟道坡度/（°） 经验修
正因子泥石流流
速/（m·s−1）过流断面
面积/m2泥石流流量/（m3·s−1） 1 48.9 5.8 167.0 3.2 0.08 14.8 2.7 281.7 762.7 2 29.0 4.9 139.0 3.6 0.07 6.1 5.3 142.1 748.2
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