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四川汶川县板子沟“6•26”特大型泥石流成因特征与活动性研究

张宪政 铁永波 宁志杰 杨昶 李宗亮 李明辉 梁京涛 卢佳燕 鲁拓 李光辉 李果 向炳霖

张宪政,铁永波,宁志杰,等. 四川汶川县板子沟“6•26”特大型泥石流成因特征与活动性研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(5): 134-145 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003
引用本文: 张宪政,铁永波,宁志杰,等. 四川汶川县板子沟“6•26”特大型泥石流成因特征与活动性研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(5): 134-145 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003
ZHANG Xianzheng, TIE Yongbo, NING Zhijie, et al. Characteristics and activity analysis of the catastrophic “6•26” debris flow in the Banzi catchment, Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(5): 134-145 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003
Citation: ZHANG Xianzheng, TIE Yongbo, NING Zhijie, et al. Characteristics and activity analysis of the catastrophic “6•26” debris flow in the Banzi catchment, Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(5): 134-145 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003

四川汶川县板子沟“6•26”特大型泥石流成因特征与活动性研究

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20110-01);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221746)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张宪政(1990-),男,博士后,主要从事地质灾害演变规律和防治研究。E-mail:2018010092@stu.cdut.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    铁永波(1979-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害形成机理与防治研究。E-mail: tyongbo@mail.cgs.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.23

Characteristics and activity analysis of the catastrophic “6•26” debris flow in the Banzi catchment, Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province

  • 摘要: 2023年6月26日,四川省阿坝州汶川县板子沟发生灾害性泥石流,沟口冲出总量约8.28×105 m3,堵塞岷江并形成面积约0.4 km2的堰塞湖。为揭示汶川震后15 a仍发生特大型泥石流事件的内在成因机制,采用现场调查、遥感解译、地形叠加分析与动力学参数计算等方法,分析板子沟泥石流的成因和堵江特征,并在此基础上提出防治建议。研究结果表明:(1)板子沟泥石流触发降雨具有短历时高强度的特征,泥石流以沟道物源启动为主;(2)泥石流洪峰流量高达755.5 m3/s,是导致堵塞岷江的主要原因;(3)板子沟泥石流表明,震后这类泥石流的活动性因物源耦合输移而具有滞后性和长期性特点。建议加强震区泥石流隐蔽型同震滑坡物源和沟道物源动态调查评估。研究结果有助于深化对震后泥石流活动性演变规律的认识,并可为震后泥石流的防治提供科学参考。
  • 图  1  板子沟泥石流堆积扇(拍摄于2023年6月27日)

    Figure  1.  Debris fan of the Banzi catchment (taken on 27 June, 2023)

    图  2  研究区地质图

    Figure  2.  Geological overview of the study area

    图  3  板子沟泥石流成灾特征图(拍摄于2023年6月29日)

    Figure  3.  Loss characteristic of debris flow in the Banzi catchment (taken on 29 June, 2023)

    图  4  弯道超高计算参数示意图

    Figure  4.  Definition of the geomorphometric parameters for the forced vortex equation

    图  5  泥石流前后影像对比图

    Figure  5.  Comparison of images before and after debris flow

    图  6  板子沟4号支沟启动位置及与主沟交汇处侵蚀堆积特征

    Figure  6.  Initiation positions in the No. 4 branch channel of Banzi catchment and the characteristic of erosion at the intersection of the main channel and the No. 4 branch channel

    图  7  板子沟物源分布图

    Figure  7.  Distribution of debris source in the Banzi catchment

    图  8  板子沟坡面物源与海拔统计图

    Figure  8.  Statistical map of elevation and debris source on the slope in the Banzi catchment

    图  9  板子沟坡面物源与坡度统计图

    Figure  9.  Statistical map of slope and the debris source on the slope in the Banzi catchment

    图  10  泥石流堆积区取样粒度分布

    Figure  10.  Sampling particle size distribution in the debris deposition area

    图  11  研究区泥石流暴发降雨特征

    Figure  11.  Characteristics of the trigging rainfall in the study area

    图  12  泥石流沟道侵蚀堆积分布图

    Figure  12.  Distribution map of the erosion and deposition along the channel

    图  13  堆积扇形态及剖面图

    Figure  13.  Shape and the profiles of debris fans

    图  14  弯道超高断面分布图

    Figure  14.  Distribution of profiles used for the calculation of forced vortex

    图  15  泥石流搬运直径超过2.5 m的巨石照片

    Figure  15.  Photography showing the largest blocks deposited on the fan exceeded a diameter of 2.5 m

    表  1  数据清单

    Table  1.   Data list

    数据类型 分辨率 来源
    岩性数据 1∶5万 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心
    高程数据 30 m ALOS全球数字地表模型
    地表高程(DSM) 0.1 m 无人机测量,日期:2019-10-16,2023-06-27
    卫星影像数据 3 m Planet Application Program Interface:
    In Space for Life on Earth. https://api.planet.com.
    日期:2023-05-24,2023-06-27,2023-07-01
    全色影像 0.1 m 无人机测量,日期:2019-10-16,2023-06-27
    2008年同震滑坡
    分布数据
    2.5 m 徐冲等公开数据[27]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  泥石流洪峰流量计算参数及结果

    Table  2.   Calculation parameters and results of peak flow of debris flow

    编号 沟道
    宽度/m
    泥石流平
    均高度/m
    沟道转弯曲
    率半径/m
    超高
    高度/m
    沟道坡度/(°) 经验修
    正因子
    泥石流流
    速/(m·s−1
    过流断面
    面积/m2
    泥石流流量/(m3·s−1
    1 48.9 5.8 167.0 3.2 0.08 14.8 2.7 281.7 762.7
    2 29.0 4.9 139.0 3.6 0.07 6.1 5.3 142.1 748.2
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-02
  • 修回日期:  2023-07-08
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-07
  • 刊出日期:  2023-09-19

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