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干热岩勘查开发进展及展望

文冬光,  张二勇,  王贵玲,  张林友,  王璜,  张森琦,  叶成明,  王稳石,  金显鹏,  刘东林,  贾小丰,  李胜涛,  吴海东,  连晟,  冯庆达

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文章导航 > 水文地质工程地质  > 2023 >  50(4): 1-13
文冬光，张二勇，王贵玲，等. 干热岩勘查开发进展及展望[J]. 水文地质工程地质，2023，50(4): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202304011
引用本文: 文冬光，张二勇，王贵玲，等. 干热岩勘查开发进展及展望[J]. 水文地质工程地质，2023，50(4): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202304011
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WEN Dongguang, ZHANG Eryong, WANG Guiling, et al. Progress and prospect of hot dry rock exploration and development[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(4): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202304011
Citation: WEN Dongguang, ZHANG Eryong, WANG Guiling, et al. Progress and prospect of hot dry rock exploration and development[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(4): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202304011
shu

干热岩勘查开发进展及展望

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202304011
  • 1.

    中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心，天津　300309

  • 2.

    中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北 石家庄　050061

  • 3.

    中国地质调查局，北京　100037

  • 4.

    中国地质调查局勘探技术研究所，河北 廊坊　065000

基金项目: 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金（重大科技示范BE2022859）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20190131；DD20190135；DD20211336）；国家自然科学基金项目（42202336）
详细信息
    作者简介:

    文冬光（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事水文地质、环境地质及地热资源调查研究等工作。E-mail：wdongguang@mail.cgs.gov.cn

    通讯作者:

    张林友（1987-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事地热资源调查研究及数值模拟等工作。E-mail： zhanglinyou@mail.cgs.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: P314

Progress and prospect of hot dry rock exploration and development

  • 1.

    Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Tianjin　300309, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei　050061, China

  • 3.

    China Geological Survey, Beijing　100037, China

  • 4.

    Institute of Exploration Techniques, China Geological Survey, Langfang, Hebei　065000, China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 清洁能源开发利用是当前全球可持续发展共同关注的资源环境问题。干热岩指埋藏于地球深部、内部不存在或仅存在少量流体，温度高于180 °C的高温岩体，作为未来人类可持续利用的重要战略可接替清洁能源，其开发利用备受关注。文章在梳理总结国内外典型干热岩勘查与开发利用进展的基础上，针对干热岩资源研究方向提出几点思考，希望对我国未来干热岩勘查与开发工作起到有益参考借鉴作用。自20世纪70年代提出干热岩概念以来，世界各国开展了多处勘查开发工程探索，在取得大量理论技术突破的同时，也存在不少失败的案例。虽然全球投入建设的干热岩开发工程数量总体上不断增加，为干热岩勘查开发积累了宝贵经验，但是迄今为止尚未建造有商业规模的储层，由于缺乏持续经费支持、水力压裂诱发微地震等问题，多数被迫终止。目前来看，全球干热岩开发正逐渐进入新的探索阶段，欧美各国纷纷加强相关基础理论和技术攻关。我国近年来在干热岩资源调查评价和勘查开发方面取得了重要阶段性成果，编制了大地热流、居里面深度、控热构造等系列基础图件，初步估算了我国陆域干热岩资源潜力，并在青海共和、福建漳州、广东惠州、河北马头营、山西大同、江苏兴化等地区相继开展了干热岩勘查开发探索。其中，青海共和盆地恰卜恰地区在4 000 m深度探获超过200 °C的高温干热岩体。2019年在青海共和启动我国首个干热岩勘查试采示范工程，2020年完成干热岩储层规模化建造，有效改造体积超千万立方米，并于2021年实现试验性发电并网，在干热岩深部探测、高温硬岩钻探、规模化储层建造、循环连通、有机朗肯循环发电等方面取得了系列基础成果，推动了我国干热岩在勘查开发方面的实质性进展。总体来看，全球干热岩勘查开发取得了长足进展，实践证明干热岩资源是一种十分有发展前途的绿色能源，有望未来成为全球重要战略能源。然而，干热岩现有开发利用路径及其配套技术、装备与商业化开发预期相比还存在较大差距。我国干热岩资源开发尽管实现了从“0”到“1”的突破，但距离国际水平还有较长的路要走，仍需要在高温硬岩钻完井、深部储层精细刻画、安全规模化储层建造、高效换热取热等方面推动颠覆性技术创新，破解规模化、经济性开发难题。
    Abstract: The exploitation and utilization of clean energy is a resource and environmental issue of common concern for global sustainable development. As a vital strategic and sustainable future energy, hot dry rock (HDR) has attracted more and more attention. In this paper some thoughts on the future research direction of HDR resources in China are provided based on a worldwide experience summary, hoping to provide a useful reference for the future exploration and engineering development of HDR. Since the concept of HDR was put forward in the 1970s, the number of worldwide HDR construction has been increasingly growing. Although a lot of theoretical and technical breakthroughs have been made, only a small fraction of projects still in operation due to the lack of sustained financial support, induced microearthquakes and other issues. At present, the global development of HDR is gradually entering a new stage of exploration, and the basic theories of HDR to tackle the key problems are strengthening around the world. Since 2012, the China Geological Survey has organized and implemented the nationwide terrestrial HDR resources survey, evaluation, exploration and development, and significant stage progress has been achieved. A series of fundamental maps have been compiled, such as terrestrial heat flow value, curie surface depth, distribution of acidic rock, and heat-controlling structure in China. The resource potential of terrestrial HDR in China has been preliminarily estimated and a sounding basis for the target site selection is provided. HDR exploration and evaluation have been carried out in typical areas of Qinghai, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, and a breakthrough has been achieved in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai. The first HDR resources exploration and production demonstration project in China was carried out in 2019, which made a series of meaningful outcomes in deep HDR exploration, high-temperature hard rock drilling, large-scale reservoir stimulation, reservoir connectivity and flow circulation, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation, etc. The large-scale reservoir stimulation was carried out in 2020, and the first power generation test was completed in 2021. In general, the global exploration and development of HDR has made great progress. Practice has proved that HDR resources are a promising green energy and are expected to become an inexhaustible energy support for the world in the future. However, there is still a large gap between the existing path of HDR development and utilization and the economics of its supporting technologies compared with commercial development expectations at present. Although the development of HDR resources in China has achieved a breakthrough from “0” to “1”, there is still a long way to go from the international level. In order to solve the problems of large-scale and economic development, it is still needed to promote disruptive technological innovation in high temperature hard rock drilling and completion, fine characterization of deep reservoirs, safe large-scale reservoir construction, efficient heat transfer and heat recovery and other aspects.
    • HTML全文

  • 图  1  世界主要EGS工程分布（据文献[31]修改）

    Figure  1.  Distribution of the major EGS projects in the world (modified after Ref. [31])

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  2  芬顿山场地位置及区域地质图（据文献[36]）

    Figure  2.  Location map of the Fenton Hill HDR site and simplified geological map around the site (adapted from Ref. [36])

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  3  Soultz场地位置、区域地质及钻井轨迹平面（据文献[41]）

    Figure  3.  Location of the EGS Soultz site， geology of the Upper Rhine Graben and well trajectories (adapted from Ref. [41])

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  4  日本肘折EGS系统（据文献[45]）

    Figure  4.  Schematic view of the Hijiori EGS system (adapted from Ref. [45])

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  5  韩国浦项盆地及PX-1试采场地地质特征（据文献[48]）

    Figure  5.  Geologic map of the Pohang Basin and PX-1 well drilled in the EGS project (adapted from Ref. [48])

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  6  青海共和干热岩勘查试采现场

    Figure  6.  HDR exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
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