广东惠州黄沙洞地区岩石圈热-流变结构及其热源启示

甘浩男; 蔺文静; 王贵玲; 闫晓雪; 岳高凡; 翁炜; 张德龙

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202302054

广东惠州黄沙洞地区岩石圈热-流变结构及其热源启示

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202302054

甘浩男^{1, 2,},
蔺文静^{1, 2},
王贵玲^{1, 2, ,},
闫晓雪^{1, 2},
岳高凡^{1, 2},
翁炜^{2, 3},
张德龙^{2, 3}

1.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北石家庄　050061
2.
自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心，河北石家庄　050061
3.
中国地质调查局北京探矿工程研究所，北京　100083

基金项目: 国家重点研发项目（2021YFB1507401）

详细信息

作者简介:
甘浩男（1988-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事岩石圈热-流变结构研究工作。E-mail：ganhaonan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
王贵玲（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事地热资源赋存理论及勘查开发研究工作。E-mail：wangguiling@mail.cgs.gov.cn

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出版历程

Lithospheric thermo-rheological structure of Huangshadong geothermal field, Huizhou, Guangdong, and its heat-sources implications

GAN Haonan^{1, 2
,},
LIN Wenjing^{1, 2},
WANG Guiling^{1, 2
, ,},
YAN Xiaoxue^{1, 2},
YUE Gaofan^{1, 2},
WENG Wei^{2, 3},
ZHANG Delong^{2, 3}

1.
The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang　050061, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center for Geothermal & Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang　050061, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Exploration Engineering, Beijing,　100083

摘要

摘要: 岩石圈热-流变结构研究是揭示岩石圈范围内的热状态的有效手段，开展地热异常区的岩石圈热-流变结构研究可以对热源贡献进行有效约束。东南沿海地区是我国地热资源重要分布区，地表出露大量天然温泉，地热钻探揭露深部具有较高的地温梯度，然而关于其热源机制尚未有定论，且深部是否赋存有干热岩资源亦不清楚。以广东惠州黄沙洞地热田为研究对象，分析岩石圈尺度温度分布和流变强度，探讨黄沙洞地热田的热源构成，分析浅部水热系统的热影响，并对干热岩资源前景进行分析。结果表明：（1）黄沙洞地热田水热活动影响下地表热通量为130.3 mW/m²，地壳热流与地幔热流值相近，表现为温壳温幔型岩石圈热结构，此外，构造活动相关热流达到了30.5~60.3 mW/m²；（2）岩石圈流变结构显示中地壳存在韧性流变层，上地壳与下地壳以脆性破裂为主，下地壳与岩石圈地幔表现出流变结构耦合，为相对稳固的地壳底界；（3）黄沙洞地热田的热源以地壳构造活动产生的热源为主导，地幔热源和放射性生热是主要的热源组成部分。构造热作用的主要方式包括区域深断裂的热聚敛和水热系统循环换热，两者可能通过“接力式”热传递携带热量至浅表；（4）区域深断裂的热聚敛在构造热作用中的占比是影响干热岩资源前景的关键因素。本项研究可为后续东南沿海同类型地区的干热岩资源勘查与靶区选址提供热源参考。
- 热-流变结构 /
- 热源 /
- 黄沙洞 /
- 干热岩 /
- 大地热流
Abstract: The thermo-rheological structure of the lithosphere is an effective method to reveal the thermal state within the lithosphere. Studies on the thermo-rheological structure of the lithosphere in geothermal anomaly areas can effectively constrain the contribution of heat sources. The southeastern China is an important distribution region for geothermal resources, with a large number of natural hot springs exposed on the surface. Boreholes has identified high geothermal gradients at depth. However, the mechanism of the heat source is still controversial, and whether does the hot dry rock resources exist is not clear. In this study, we take Huangshadong geothermal field, Huizhou, Guangdong as the research target. We analyzed the temperature distribution and rheological strength of the lithosphere, discussed the heat sources of Huangshadong geothermal field, analyzed the thermal influence of shallow hydrothermal systems, and the prospects of dry hot rock resources. The results show that the heat flux under the influence of hydrothermal systems in Huangshadong geothermal field is 130.3 mW /m², and the crustal heat flow is similar to the mantle heat flow, showing a warm-crust-warm-mantle lithospheric thermal structure. In addition, the structural heat flux reaches 30.5-60.3 mW/m². The rheological structure of the lithosphere shows that the middle crust has a ductile rheological layer, the upper crust and the lower crust are mainly controlled by brittle failure, and the lower crust and the lithosphere mantle show coupling in rheological structure, which indicates a relatively stable crustal bottom boundary. The heat source of Huangshadong geothermal field is dominated by the tectonic heat source, and mantle heat source and radiogenic heat production are the main heat source components. The main parts of tectonic heat source include the heat accumulation in regional deep faults and cyclic heat transfer in hydrothermal systems, both of which may carry heat to the surface through "relay" heat transfer. The proportion of heat accumulation of regional deep faults in tectonic heat source is the key factor affecting the prospects of dry hot rock resources. This study offers the heat source reference for subsequent hot dry rock resource exploration and target site selection along the southeastern China.
- thermal-rheological structure /
- heat source /
- Huangshadong /
- hot dry rock /
- heat flow

HTML全文

图 1 黄沙洞地热田地质构造简图（大地构造位置简图修改自Faure等^[38]）

1—石炭系下统测水组石英砂岩、粉砂岩；2—泥盆系下统老虎头组石英质砾岩、含砾砂岩、粉砂岩；3—寒武系下统牛角河组变余结构砂岩与板岩、碳质板岩；4—震旦系上统老虎塘组变质粉砂岩、砂岩、千枚状页岩；5—早侏罗世大点顶单元细粒黑云母二长花岗岩；6—整合岩层界线；7—断层；8—地热井

Figure 1. The location geological map showing the study area. Simplified tectonic map of South China（ modified after Ref [38]）

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图 2 惠热1井及周边岩石生热率三元图

Figure 2. Ternary scatter plot of radiogenic heat production of the core samples of HR1, showing the relative proportions of U, Th, and K in the total radiogenic heat production

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图 3 惠热1井主要造岩矿物与放射性生热率关系

Figure 3. Radiogenic heat production verses main minerals of HR1

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图 4 黄沙洞地热田岩石圈热结构（1-8数据来自Jiang等^[50]）

Figure 4. Lithospheric thermal structure in Huangshadong geothermal field (data of 1-8 are form Jiang et al.^[50])

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图 6 惠州黄沙洞地热田近似稳态温度推测曲线

Figure 6. The approximate steady-state temperature estimation curve of the Huangshadong geothermal field

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图 5 惠州黄沙洞地热田岩石圈热-流变强度曲线

Figure 5. Thermal-rheological structure of Huangshadong geothermal field

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表 1 惠州及周边区域不同岩性放射性生热率统计表

Table 1. Statistics of radiogenic heat production of different rock types in Huizhou and surrounding area

编号	岩性	C_K/%	C_Th/（μg∙g⁻¹）	C_U/（μg∙g⁻¹）	密度/（kg∙m⁻³）	生热率/（μW∙m⁻³）
CHA026D	砂岩	1.97	28.0	4.95	2.49	3.13
CHA036D	砂岩	3.22	13.80	3.01	2.43	1.83
CHA058D	砂岩	6.08	24.4	5.34	2.26	3.04
CHA038D	砂岩	0.22	1.27	0.47	2.44	0.21
CHA040D	砂岩	5.58	19.45	3.56	2.48	2.56
CHB092D	砂岩	4.34	18.90	3.09	2.53	2.35
CHB156D	砂岩	5.64	22.1	4.14	2.24	2.59
CHA044D	砂岩	2.41	28.6	1.39	2.47	2.34
CHB107D	砂岩	1.60	7.91	2.24	2.41	1.14
CHB114D	砂岩	4.57	17.70	4.68	2.05	2.17
CHA049D	砂岩	3.27	33.8	3.19	2.48	3.18
CHB185D	砂岩	1.28	11.45	2.13	2.55	1.38
HZB05D*	砂岩	2.92	10.80	2.14	2.39	1.39
HZB056D*	砂岩	2.75	19.90	4.15	2.48	2.48
HZB065D*	砂岩	4.58	25.6	3.83	2.21	2.61
HZB072D*	砂岩	3.69	16.25	4.90	2.20	2.22
HZB093D*	砂岩	1.05	10.80	1.85	2.29	1.12
CHB098D	花岗岩类	3.00	10.15	3.56	2.53	1.78
CHB196D	花岗岩类	4.74	29.6	5.71	2.67	3.92
CHA006D	花岗岩类	5.43	31.8	6.60	2.66	4.34
CHB110D	花岗岩类	4.23	68.3	22.7	2.62	10.63
CHB164D	花岗岩类	4.60	55.6	24.1	2.59	10.04
CHB127D	花岗岩类	5.42	35.6	7.33	2.45	4.40
CHB068D	花岗岩类	4.13	16.05	3.22	2.58	2.22
CHB130D	花岗岩类	6.75	39.7	11.35	2.58	6.02
CHB176D	花岗岩类	5.35	46.3	9.09	2.58	5.77
CHA047D	花岗岩类	3.87	19.45	5.79	2.37	2.81
CHB126D	花岗岩类	5.91	33.3	5.53	2.54	4.02
CHB063D	花岗岩类	4.72	46.5	21.4	2.57	8.72
CHB048D	花岗岩类	4.81	41.2	11.55	2.54	5.90
CHB060D	花岗岩类	5.70	14.70	2.89	2.68	2.28
CHB049D	花岗岩类	4.37	25.0	29.3	2.61	9.35
CHB029D	花岗岩类	5.43	37.7	14.90	2.62	6.74
CHB102D	花岗岩类	5.19	67.5	15.30	2.47	8.31
CHB171D	花岗岩类	4.90	55.4	11.90	2.66	7.24
CHB100D	花岗岩类	4.41	81.7	20.9	2.60	11.01
CHA018D	花岗岩类	4.60	31.3	11.35	2.54	5.19
CHB101D	花岗岩类	4.70	61.2	17.05	2.62	8.79
CHB088D	花岗岩类	5.11	41.9	7.20	2.46	4.76
CHB193D	花岗岩类	5.28	49.6	8.42	2.68	6.04
CHA004D	花岗岩类	3.89	20.1	4.29	2.67	2.83
CHB037D	花岗岩类	6.06	25.3	4.59	2.59	3.36
HZB032D*	花岗岩类	4.58	30.9	16.35	2.32	5.82
HZB036D*	花岗岩类	3.30	31.4	7.81	2.24	3.72
HZB075D*	花岗岩类	0.30	51.1	13.80	2.24	5.90
HZB086D*	花岗岩类	4.62	37.0	14.25	2.34	5.77
HZB098D*	花岗岩类	3.89	28.9	6.83	2.15	3.28
HZB017D*	页岩	5.15	20.0	3.78	2.36	2.48
HZB023D*	页岩	2.06	15.35	1.39	2.40	1.43
HZB043D-1*	页岩	2.80	16.25	3.32	1.93	1.60
HZB043D-2*	页岩	3.59	20.8	4.83	2.15	2.40
注：*样品数据来自闫晓雪^[27]。

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表 2 惠热1井钻孔岩心热物性参数统计特征值^[27]

Table 2. Statistics of thermal properties of cores from HR1 in the Huangshadong geothermal field

编号	深度/m	岩性	测量热导率 /（W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹）	校正热导率 /（W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹）	生热率 /（μW∙m⁻³）
HR-1	273	砂岩	3.53	3.45	1.79
HR-2	276	砂岩	6.157	5.99	3.21
HR-3	427	砂岩	7.294	6.97	2.09
HR-4	655	砂岩	2.778	2.69	2.71
HR-5	968	砂岩	2.778	2.64	1.29
HR-6	1262	砂岩	5.197	4.58	2.09
HR-7	1568	花岗岩类	1.697	1.64	4.39
HR-8	1832	花岗岩类	6.778	5.73	6.69
HR-9	2005	花岗岩类	4.361	3.72	4.52
HR-10	2383	花岗岩类	1.937	1.93	7.31
HR-11	2704	花岗岩类	5.311	5.30	7.46
HR-12	3005	花岗岩类	−	−	5.87

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表 3 惠热1井及周边岩石矿物组成

Table 3. Statistics of mineral composition of different rock types in HR1 and surrounding area

编号	钾长石	钠长石	石英	方解石	云母	粘土矿物
HR-1*				2	47	51
HR-2*	2	2	5	1	51	39
HR-3*		7	62		22	9
HR-4*		14	19		37	30
HR-5*			26			44
HR-6*			49		19	32
HR-7*	64	13	2		20	1
HR-8*	54	34	8			4
HR-9*			8	5		46
HR-10*	34	41	20			5
HR-11*	39	42	15			4
HR-12*	38	35	24			3
CHA004D	13.5	32.6	47.4			6.5
CHA006D	17.8	22.9	45.7			13.6
CHB028D	/	/	100			/
CHB037D	21.7	27.3	51			/
CHB045D	/	/	100			/
CHB088D	16.2	18.9	64.9			/
CHB102D	24.7	26.7	48.5			/
CHB126D	20.3	18.8	52.1			8.8
CHB164D	16.3	33.1	50.6			/
CHB176D	16.5	31.6	38.9			13
CHB193D	19.6	26.5	44.5			9.4
注：*样品数据来自闫晓雪^[27]。

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表 4 黄沙洞地热田岩石圈分层结构及热物性

Table 4. Lithospheric layered structure and relative radiogenic heat production and Thermal conductivity in Huangshadong geothermal field

地表热通量 / （mW∙m⁻²）	岩石圈分层/km		放射性生热率值 /（μW∙m⁻³）	热导率值 /（W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹）
130.3（水热活动区）/ 70（稳定区）	上地壳	0～3	4.27	3.92
	上地壳	3～10	4.27exp（-z/D）	3.06
	中地壳（10～20）		0.8	2.7
	下地壳（20～32）		0.03	3.0
	岩石圈地幔（＞32）		0.03	3.4

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表 5 黄沙洞地热田岩石圈热结构及深部温度

Table 5. Lithospheric thermal structure and deep temperature in Huangshadong geothermal field

热结构		水热活动区热流值	稳定区热流值
热结构		水热活动区热流值	稳定区热流值	热流组成 /（mW∙m⁻²）	地表热流	130.3	70
地壳热流	38.26	38.26
地幔热流	31.74	31.74
构造热流	60.3
地壳热流/地幔热流	1.2	1.2
地壳深部温度	地壳深度/km	32	32
	地壳底界温度/°C	1091.4	442.7
	10 km处温度/°C	362.2	178.2
	20km处温度/°C	722.3	314.9
	30 km处温度/°C	1030.0	421.6

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表 6 黄沙洞地热田岩石圈流变结构参数表

Table 6. parameters for lithospheric rheological structures of Huangshadong geothermal field

分层结构	岩性	选择岩性	活化能/（kJ∙mol⁻¹）	应力指数	物质相关常数/（MPa^-n∙s⁻¹）	参考文献
上地壳	沉积地层和结晶基底	脆性破裂	−	−	−	[41]
中地壳	花岗质层	干石英	152	4	1.198×10⁻⁸	[51]
下地壳	辉长岩层	脆性破裂	−	−	−	[41]
岩石圈地幔	二辉橄榄岩	二辉橄榄岩（干）	523	4	4.500×10¹	[52]

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广东惠州黄沙洞地区岩石圈热-流变结构及其热源启示

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202302054

作者简介:
甘浩男（1988-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事岩石圈热-流变结构研究工作。E-mail：ganhaonan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
王贵玲（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事地热资源赋存理论及勘查开发研究工作。E-mail：wangguiling@mail.cgs.gov.cn

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Lithospheric thermo-rheological structure of Huangshadong geothermal field, Huizhou, Guangdong, and its heat-sources implications

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广东惠州黄沙洞地区岩石圈热-流变结构及其热源启示

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202302054

作者简介: 甘浩男（1988-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事岩石圈热-流变结构研究工作。E-mail：ganhaonan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者: 王贵玲（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事地热资源赋存理论及勘查开发研究工作。E-mail：wangguiling@mail.cgs.gov.cn

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Lithospheric thermo-rheological structure of Huangshadong geothermal field, Huizhou, Guangdong, and its heat-sources implications

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作者简介:
甘浩男（1988-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事岩石圈热-流变结构研究工作。E-mail：ganhaonan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者:
王贵玲（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事地热资源赋存理论及勘查开发研究工作。E-mail：wangguiling@mail.cgs.gov.cn