Exploration of blockchain technology application in the construction of National Risk Warning System on Landslides
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摘要: 2019年以来，自然资源部全面推进普适型设备研发与地质灾害自动化监测预警工作，截至2023年6月，已在17个地质灾害重点防治省份的5.5万处隐患点推广应用，全国地质灾害风险预警系统也进入了快速发展阶段。目前，系统每日接收监测数据超千万，在海量数据存储管理、时序数据并行处理、大数据智能分析和多参数风险预警等方面取得积极进展。然而，系统在数据安全方面仍存在诸多挑战，尤其是在数据一致性、数据防篡改和系统可靠性等方面有较大提升空间。文章在系统研究区块链技术特点及其在相关领域典型应用的基础上，提出基于分布式账本技术和共识机制的“可信数据流”建立方法，依此形成“区块链+全国地质灾害风险预警系统”总体框架，同时建立了原型系统。实验数据显示改进系统可以解决省-部数据不一致问题，识别并阻止非法数据篡改，多节点故障情况下仍可保障系统稳定运行，系统总体性能损耗低于20%。研究成果可为区块链技术在各级地质灾害风险预警系统中的应用提供顶层设计思路与技术方法，对于提升全国地质灾害自动化监测网安全运行能力具有重要借鉴意义。Abstract: Since 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources has comprehensively promoted the research and development of universal equipment and the automatic monitoring and forewarning of geological hazard. As of June 2023, it has been applied to 55 000 potential points of geological hazard in 17 key geological hazard prevention provinces, and the national geological hazard monitoring and forewarning system has entered a rapid development stage. At present, the system receives more than 10 million monitoring data every day, and has made positive progress in massive data storage management, parallel processing of time series data, intelligent analysis of big data and multi-parameter risk early warning. However, there are many challenges in data security of the system, especially in data consistency, data tamper resistance and system reliability. On the basis of systematic research on the characteristics of the blockchain technology and its typical application in related fields, this paper proposes a “trusted data flow” technology based on distributed ledger and consensus mechanism, according to which the overall framework of “blockchain + NRWSL” is formed, and a prototype system is established. The test data show that the improved system can solve the problem of data inconsistency between provinces and Ministry of Natural Resources, identify and prevent illegal data tampering, ensure the stable operation of the system under multi-node failure conditions, and the overall performance loss of the system is less than 20%. The research results provide technical methods for the application of blockchain technology to geological hazard risk early warning systems at all levels in China, and also provide top-level design ideas for improving the security of geological hazard monitoring data and the early warning system.
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Key words:
- blockchain /
- geological hazard /
- landslide warning system /
- data security
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图 1 全国地质灾害风险预警系统架构图
Figure 1. Framework of the national geological hazard monitoring and forewarning system
图 2 基于区块链的物联网实现方法和传统实现模式
Figure 2. Realizing methods of networking based on the blockchain technology
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