苏里格地区致密砂岩矿物组成与微观结构及其对水力压裂的潜在影响

李培月; 何晓东; 周长静; 解永刚; 史华

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202211048

苏里格地区致密砂岩矿物组成与微观结构及其对水力压裂的潜在影响

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202211048

李培月^{1, 2, 3,},
何晓东^{1, 2, 3},
周长静^{4, 5},
解永刚^{4, 5},
史华^{4, 5}

1.
长安大学水利与环境学院，陕西西安　710054
2.
旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室（长安大学），陕西西安　710054
3.
水利部旱区生态水文与水安全重点实验室（长安大学），陕西西安　710054
4.
低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，陕西西安　710018
5.
中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院，陕西西安　710018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42072286；41761144059）；陕西省科技厅秦创原队伍建设项目（2022KXJ-005）；中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目（2021DJ2015）

详细信息

作者简介:
李培月（1984-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail：lipy2@163.com；lipy2@163.com

中图分类号: P641.4；P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-15
- 修回日期: 2023-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Mineral compositions and microstructural characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir in the Sulige area and their potential influence on hydraulic fracturing

LI Peiyue^{1, 2, 3
,},
HE Xiaodong^{1, 2, 3},
ZHOU Changjing^{4, 5},
XIE Yonggang^{4, 5},
SHI Hua^{4, 5}

1.
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions of the Ministry of Education(Chang’an University), Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources(Chang’an University), Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China
4.
National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi　710018, China
5.
Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an, Shaanxi,　710018, China

摘要

摘要: 致密砂岩气是重要的非常规天然气资源，致密砂岩储层的矿物组成特征与孔隙微观结构不仅会影响致密储层中天然气的赋存状态，同时也对水力压裂改造效果具有重要影响。然而，有关致密砂岩矿物成分及其微观赋存形态对气井水力压裂潜在影响的研究尚不充分，针对这一问题，文章以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区主开采层——二叠系下石盒子组盒8_下段致密砂岩为研究对象，钻取5口气井岩心样品，利用XRF、XRD、铸体薄片、SEM及EDS能谱等技术系统分析了该段致密砂岩矿物组成、微观形貌、孔隙分布等储层特征。基于分析结果，探讨了上述储层特征因素对水力压裂的潜在影响。研究发现，苏里格地区盒8_下段致密砂岩主要为岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩，密度介于2.44～2.56 g/cm³之间，孔隙度为7.7%～12.6%，渗透率为0.16～1.42 mD，属于典型的低渗透气藏。矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物，而长石矿物和碳酸盐矿物含量极低。其中黏土矿物含量占比为16.5%～47.4%，以高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石为主。高岭石在该区致密砂岩中广泛发育，呈书页状和蠕虫状填充于粒间孔隙及粒表，形成大量高岭石晶间孔。此外，致密砂岩中粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、粒间裂隙及粒内缝均有发育，为致密砂岩气的赋存提供了良好的储集空间。矿物分析以及压裂液致密砂岩水岩实验结果显示黏土矿物稳定性对于苏里格地区致密砂岩气水力压裂效果至关重要，尤其是易分散运移的高岭石和伊利石矿物。水力压裂前需要对储层矿物成分及地层水成分展开详细研究，选择合适的黏土稳定剂优化水力压裂。
- 致密砂岩 /
- 微观形貌 /
- 黏土矿物 /
- 水力压裂 /
- 苏里格气田
Abstract: Tight sandstone gas is an important unconventional natural gas resource. Mineral characteristics of the tight sandstone not only affect the occurrence of gas, but also have a significant impact on the hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. The potential influence of tight sandstone mineral compositions and microscopic morphology on gas reservoir during hydraulic fracturing was seldom examined. In this study, five tight sandstone gas wells in the Sulige gasfield located in the Ordos Basin were drilled. The core samples of the 8^th formation of the lower member of the Permian Shihezi Group (He 8) were collected. The mineral characteristics, microstructure and pore feature of the tight sandstone are systematically analyzed by using XRF, XRD, casting thin section, SEM and EDS technologies and the potential effects of the above factors on hydraulic fracturing are discussed. The results show that the tight sandstone is mainly composed of lithic sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone. The density of the tight sandstone ranges from 2.44 to 2.56 g/cm³, the porosity from 7.7% to 12.6%, and the permeability from 0.16 to 1.42 mD. The mineral compositions are mainly quartz and clay minerals (16.5%−47.4%), and feldspar and carbonate are absent. Kaolinite, illite and chlorite are the main clay minerals. Kaolinite is widely developed, filling the intergranular pores and surface in the forms of “booklets” and worm-like. The intergranular pores, intragranular solution voids, intergranular and intragranular fractures occur in the tight sandstone, which provide basic reservoir space for natural gas. The results of mineral analysis and fracturing fluid-tight sandstone interactions reveal that the stability of clay minerals, especially kaolinite and illite, are crucial for hydraulic fracturing in the Sulige gasfield. It is necessary to understand the mineral compositions and formation water of the tight reservoir and select the appropriate clay stabilizer to optimize hydraulic fracturing.
- tight sandstone /
- microstructure /
- clay minerals /
- hydraulic fracturing /
- Sulige gasfield

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图 1 研究区位置及取样井分布

Figure 1. Location of the study area and samples

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图 2 致密砂岩显微照片

Figure 2. Micrographs of the tight sandstone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 致密砂岩铸体薄片显微照片

Figure 3. Micrographs of the cast thin section of the tight sandstone

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图 4 典型矿物显微照片与能谱分析

Figure 4. SEM and EDS analyses of the typical minerals

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图 5 致密砂岩微观孔隙特征

Figure 5. Microscopic pore characteristics of the tight sandstone

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图 6 压裂液处理后黏土矿物微观形貌

Figure 6. Microstructure of the clay minerals after fracturing fluid-tight sandstone interactions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 储层岩心主要元素含量

Table 1. Main elements of the reservoir core /（mg·kg⁻¹）

样品编号	Zr	Sr	Rb	Zn	Fe	Mn	Cr	V	Ti	Ca	K
桃10	183.6	71.95	51.43	44.48	24028	216.1	< LOD	50.81	2384	3261	15949
召42	426.0	112.30	97.93	42.34	31273	350.0	33.76	114.6	7667	2316	32037
统98	218.9	84.50	58.42	33.52	19717	397.2	< LOD	< LOD	3607	14964	21756
召60	131.8	82.16	29.92	39.58	16930	1429.0	< LOD	36.85	1812	50787	9202
召62	279.8	128.40	103.00	71.20	29066	272.1	< LOD	104.7	4542	5527	39314
注：<LOD表示低于检出限。

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表 2 储层岩心矿物组成

Table 2. Mineral compositions of the reservoir core /（wt%）

样品编号	石英	斜长石	钾长石	方解石	伊利石	绿泥石+高岭石	赤铁矿	方沸石
桃10	74.6	−	−	0.4	4.2	19.8	1.0	−
召42	65.6	0.2	0.2	0.4	9.8	22.9	0.9	−
统98	81.6	−	−	1.0	5.6	10.9	0.9	−
召60	45.9	−	−	18.0	3.9	31.8	−	0.4
召62	51.5	−	−	0.4	27.3	20.1	0.7	−

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苏里格地区致密砂岩矿物组成与微观结构及其对水力压裂的潜在影响

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202211048

作者简介:
李培月（1984-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail：lipy2@163.com；lipy2@163.com

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Mineral compositions and microstructural characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir in the Sulige area and their potential influence on hydraulic fracturing

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苏里格地区致密砂岩矿物组成与微观结构及其对水力压裂的潜在影响

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202211048

作者简介: 李培月（1984-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail：lipy2@163.com；lipy2@163.com

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出版历程

Mineral compositions and microstructural characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir in the Sulige area and their potential influence on hydraulic fracturing

计量

出版历程

目录

友情链接：

作者简介:
李培月（1984-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail：lipy2@163.com；lipy2@163.com