A study of the influence of the crossing-slope fault geometry on the slope seismic response
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摘要: 与一般重力环境的滑坡相比，地震诱发滑坡在形成机理、运动特征等方面差异显著。天然和降雨条件下，断层破碎带作为边坡的不连续结构面，往往对斜坡的稳定性产生不利影响。而在地震作用下，边坡内部的断层破碎带存在一定的滤波作用，有可能减弱边坡的地震动响应。为了探究逆断层几何形态对边坡地震动响应的影响，以汶川地震中牛眠沟滑坡、窝前滑坡、谢家店子滑坡及东河口滑坡为研究对象，概化出断层切割型斜坡的地质模型，利用3DEC离散元软件对不同断层破碎带宽度、倾角、位置情况下的斜坡地震动响应进行模拟。模拟结果表明：（1）随着断层倾角增大，斜坡总位移峰值和坡面加速度峰值表现出增大的趋势，斜坡更易失稳；（2）坡顶监测点的峰值加速度一般大于坡底与坡腰的值，随着断层破碎带宽度增大，对斜坡地震动响应的直接影响愈加明显；（3）断层的存在会增加斜坡失稳的可能性，断层位于坡顶时斜坡地震动响应随断层倾角和破碎带宽度变化的规律性更明显。本研究可为深入揭示地震作用下断层破碎带对斜坡稳定性的影响提供理论依据。本研究可为深入揭示地震作用下断层破碎带对斜坡稳定性的影响提供理论依据。Abstract: Compared with the landslides in the general gravity environment, the earthquake-induced landslides are significantly different in formation mechanisms and kinetic characteristics. Under the normal and rainfall conditions, the fault fracture zone, as the discontinuous structural plane of the slope, often adversely affect the stability of the slope. Under the earthquake condition, the fault fracture zone within the slope has a limited filtering effect, which could weaken the seismic response of the slope. To investigate the influence of the reverse fault’s geometry on the slope’s seismic response, we took the Niumiangou landslide, the Woqian landslide, the Xiejiadianzi landslide and the Donghekou landslide as reference objects and generalized the geological model of the fault-crossing landslide in this study. The seismic response of slopes with faults of different widths, dips and positions are simulated using the 3DEC discrete element software. The simulation results show that (1) as the fault dip angle increases, the peak value of the total displacement of the slope and the peak acceleration of the slope surface show an increasing trend, and the slope stability is worse. (2) The peak acceleration of the monitoring point at the top of the slope is generally greater than that at the bottom and waist of the slope. As the width of fault fracture zone increases, the effect on the seismic response of the slope becomes obvious.(3) The presence of faults facilitates the probability of slope instability. When the fault is located at the top of the slope, the variation of the seismic response with the dip angle and the fault width shows a more obvious regularity. This study can provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the impact of fault fracture zone on the stability of slopes under the earthquake condition.
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图 5 斜坡模型及监测点布置示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the slope model and monitoring points layout
图 8 斜坡总位移峰值随断层倾角变化趋势
Figure 8. Trend of the peak displacement of the slope vs the dip angle of fault
图 9 加速度峰值随断层倾角的变化曲线
Figure 9. Trend of the peak acceleration vs the dip angle of fault
图 10 断层位于坡体不同位置总位移峰值分布气泡图
Figure 10. Bubble diagram of the peak displacement vs the fault position on slope
图 11 断层位于坡体不同位置加速度峰值分布气泡图
Figure 11. Bubble diagram of the peak acceleration vs the fault position on slope
图 12 不同断层破碎带宽度下斜坡总位移峰值
Figure 12. Peak displacement of the slope under different fault widths
图 13 加速度峰值随断层倾角的变化
Figure 13. Trend of the peak acceleration vs the dip angle of fault
表 1 数值模拟试验方案
Table 1. Numerical simulation test scheme
工况 断层破碎带
宽度/m倾角/（°） 断层位置/m x z y2 y1 1 2 0 坡脚 115 0 110.0 110 2 10 113.0 3 20 112.9 4 30 112.7 5 40 112.4 6 0 坡顶 145.0 145 7 10 148.0 8 20 147.9 9 30 147.7 10 40 147.4 11 5 0 坡脚 150 0 110.0 110 12 10 109.9 13 20 109.7 14 30 109.2 15 40 108.5 16 0 坡顶 150 0 145.0 145 17 10 144.9 18 20 144.7 19 30 144.2 20 40 143.5 21 10 0 坡脚 115 0 110.0 110 22 10 104.8 23 20 104.4 24 30 103.5 25 40 101.9 26 0 坡顶 145.0 145 27 10 139.8 28 20 139.4 29 30 138.5 30 40 136.9 注：断层位置的坐标为断层面与斜坡体一侧面的交线的端点坐标，坐标系示意图请参考图5。 
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表 2 断层与斜坡的物理力学参数
Table 2. Physical and mechanical parameters of faults and slopes
类型 体积模量
/GPa剪切模量
/GPa弹性模量
/GPa内摩擦角
/（°）黏聚力
/kPa密度
/（kg·m−3）基岩 4.16 2.86 10 35 17 2 500 断层 0.00833 0.384 0.3 20 14 2 200
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表 3 斜坡动力响应模拟结果
Table 3. Statistics of the slope seismic response
工况 断层破碎
带宽度/m位置 倾角
/（°）监测点 斜坡总位移 工况 断层破碎
带宽度/m位置 倾角
/（°）监测点 斜坡总位移 位置 峰值加速度/（m·s−2） 峰值/m 位置 位置 峰值加速度/（m·s−2） 峰值/m 位置 1 2 坡脚 0 坡顶 3.245 0.355 下盘 16 5 坡顶 0 坡顶 3.449 0.274 下盘 坡腰 2.881 坡腰 2.991 坡底 3.947 坡底 2.566 2 10 坡顶 3.682 0.203 下盘 17 10 坡顶 3.170 0.298 下盘 坡腰 2.206 坡腰 3.352 坡底 4.001 坡底 2.357 3 20 坡顶 3.792 0.632 上盘 18 20 坡顶 2.854 0.612 上盘 坡腰 2.553 坡腰 2.998 坡底 3.338 坡底 2.804 4 30 坡顶 2.903 0.913 下盘 19 30 坡顶 3.334 0.862 上盘 坡腰 2.611 坡腰 3.584 坡底 3.464 坡底 3.574 5 40 坡顶 3.497 0.695 上盘 20 40 坡顶 2.672 0.766 上盘 坡腰 3.158 坡腰 4.793 坡底 4.418 坡底 5.262 6 坡顶 0 坡顶 2.930 0.316 下盘 21 10 坡脚 0 坡顶 3.437 0.263 上盘 坡腰 3.048 坡腰 1.213 坡底 3.230 坡底 2.113 7 10 坡顶 3.389 0.280 上盘 22 10 坡顶 3.876 0.475 上盘 坡腰 3.372 坡腰 2.427 坡底 3.025 坡底 3.136 8 20 坡顶 3.499 0.670 上盘 23 20 坡顶 3.430 0.600 上盘 坡腰 2.951 坡腰 2.004 坡底 4.111 坡底 2.694 9 30 坡顶 3.569 0.887 上盘 24 30 坡顶 3.388 0.882 上盘 坡腰 3.055 坡腰 2.949 坡底 3.534 坡底 3.668 10 40 坡顶 2.807 0.713 上盘 25 40 坡顶 2.766 0.793 上盘 坡腰 3.029 坡腰 3.579 坡底 4.152 坡底 4.421 11 5 坡脚 0 坡顶 3.411 0.348 下盘 26 坡顶 0 坡顶 3.068 0.347 上盘 坡腰 1.896 坡腰 3.811 坡底 2.875 坡底 1.994 12 10 坡顶 3.633 0.161 上盘 27 10 坡顶 3.136 0.272 下盘 坡腰 1.796 坡腰 3.749 坡底 3.013 坡底 2.362 13 20 坡顶 3.529 0.608 上盘 28 20 坡顶 3.154 0.652 上盘 坡腰 2.018 坡腰 5.211 坡底 3.153 坡底 2.728 14 30 坡顶 3.459 0.870 下盘 29 30 坡顶 3.168 0.870 上盘 坡腰 2.296 坡腰 3.233 坡底 3.413 坡底 4.015 15 40 坡顶 3.227 0.771 上盘 30 40 坡顶 2.421 0.724 上盘 坡腰 3.247 坡腰 4.416 坡底 3.892 坡底 5.627
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表 4 图例符号说明
Table 4. Explanation of the illustration symbols
图例符号 断层破碎
带宽度/m断层位置 监测点位置 图例符号 断层破碎
带宽度/m断层位置 监测点位置 图例符号 断层破碎
带宽度/m断层位置 监测点位置 2-1-A 2 坡脚 坡顶 5-1-A 5 坡脚 坡顶 10-1-A 10 坡脚 坡顶 2-1-B 坡腰 5-1-B 坡腰 10-1-B 坡腰 2-1-C 坡底 5-1-C 坡底 10-1-C 坡底 2-2-A 坡顶 坡顶 5-2-A 坡顶 坡顶 10-2-A 坡顶 坡顶 2-2-B 坡腰 5-2-B 坡腰 10-2-B 坡腰 2-2-C 坡底 5-2-C 坡底 10-2-C 坡底
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