基于InVEST模型的张承地区水源涵养功能时空变化特征

马靖宣; 金晓媚; 张绪财; 殷秀兰; 金爱芳

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208084

基于InVEST模型的张承地区水源涵养功能时空变化特征

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208084

1.
中国地质大学（北京）水资源与环境学院，北京　100083
2.
中国地质环境监测院, 北京　100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41372250）；行政事业类专项项目（121201014000150003）

详细信息

作者简介:
马靖宣（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事生态水文地质与水环境遥感等研究。E-mail：mjx_1998@163.com

通讯作者:
金晓媚（1968-），女，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事生态水文地质与水环境遥感等研究。E-mail：jinxm@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.8;P333
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-17
- 修回日期: 2022-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Spatio-temporal change characteristics of water conservation function in the Zhang-Cheng district based on the InVEST model

1.
School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences （Beijing）, Beijing　100083, China
2.
China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing　100081, China

摘要

摘要: 水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一，对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题，文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型（integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs，InVEST），使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品，对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现，2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点，各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上，20年间水源涵养深度以−0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主，总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系，气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系，植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强，水源涵养深度达28.64 mm，总量而言，草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大，水源涵养量达1.12×10⁹ m³。20年间变化中，耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显，变化速率达−6.49×10⁶ m³/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。
- 水源涵养功能 /
- InVEST模型 /
- Sen+Mann-Kendall /
- 相关性分析 /
- 张承地区
Abstract: As one of the important ecosystem service functions, water conservation function is of great significance to the ecosystem and water safety in the Zhangjiakou and Chengde districts. Based on the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model, this study quantitatively evaluates the water conservation function and analyses its driving factors of the Zhang-Cheng district from 2001 to 2020 using high-quality remote sensing data and other reanalysis products, in order to improve the problems of insufficient consideration of topography and soil permeability, as well as the inadequate analyses of data spatial heterogeneity in previous studies. The results show that the spatial distribution of the water conservation function in the Zhang-Cheng district from 2001 to 2020 was characterized by high values in the Baxia areas and low values in the Bashang areas. Despite some differences, the spatial distribution of the water conservation function in each year had some similarities to some extent. In terms of the trend, the water conservation depth in these 20 years showed a fluctuating downward trend with an average rate of −0.08 mm/a. Combined with the Sen+Mann-Kendall analysis, the trend of the water conservation function in this area was mainly classified as "No trend", "Slight increase" and "Slight decrease", accounting for nearly 98% of the total area. The results of correlation analysis show that precipitation had a strongly significantly positive correlation with water conservation function, temperature had a significantly negative correlation with water conservation function in some areas, and the correlation between vegetation and water conservation function was complex. In the Zhang-Cheng district in 2020, the woodland had the strongest water conservation function, and the water conservation depth reached 28.64 mm. On the other hand, the grassland water conservation function had the greatest contribution in the total amount, and the water conservation reached 1.12×10⁹ m³. During these 20 years, the water conservation of the farmland had the most obvious decrease, with a rate of −6.49×10⁶ m³/a. The spatio-temporal change characteristics of water conservation function in the Zhang-Cheng district in these 20 years were mainly controlled by precipitation and vegetated land use. This study provides an important decision-making basis for ecological construction and water resources management in the Zhangcheng district.
- water conservation function /
- InVEST model /
- Sen+Mann-Kendall /
- correlation analysis /
- Zhang-Cheng district

HTML全文

图 1 张承地区位置及2020年土地利用类型

Figure 1. Administrative division and land use in 2020 of the Zhang-Cheng district

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图 2 2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of water conservation function in the Zhang-Cheng district from 2001 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 张承地区水源涵养功能年际变化趋势及Sen+Mann-Kendall变化分级

Figure 3. Interannual trends of water conservation function and Sen+Mann-Kendall classification of change in the Zhang-Cheng district

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 张承地区水源涵养功能与降水量、气温及NDVI的相关性空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of correlations between water conservation function and precipitation, temperature and NDVI in the Zhang-Cheng district

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图 5 张承地区2020年不同土地利用的水源涵养深度

Figure 5. Water conservation depth for different land uses in the Zhang-Cheng district in 2020

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表 1 参数栅格数据信息

Table 1. Raster data information

参数栅格数据	数据来源	原始空间分辨率/m	原始时间分辨率
降水量	ERA5-Land再分析产品^[32]	11132	月
气温	ERA5-Land再分析产品^[32]	11132	月
土壤厚度	ISRIC数据产品^[33]	250	静态数据
植物可利用水分容量	ISRIC数据产品^[33]	250	静态数据
土壤饱和导水率	Zhang等^[34]	1000	静态数据
参考蒸散量	MOD16A2产品	500	8 d
土地利用类型	MCD12Q1产品	500	年
NDVI	MOD13A1产品	500	16 d
地表高程	SRTM DEM产品	90	静态数据

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表 2 各土地利用类型参数

Table 2. Parameters for each land use

土地利用一级分类	土地利用类型	最大根系深度/mm	蒸散系数	流速系数
林地	常绿针叶林	7 000	1.00	200
	落叶针叶林	3 100	1.00	200
	落叶阔叶林	3 100	1.00	180
	针阔混交林	4 800	1.00	200
	灌木丛	2 000	0.90	249
草地	多树草原	2 600	0.85	300
	稀树草原	2 300	0.75	400
	草地	2 000	0.75	500
耕地	农田	1 500	0.80	400
水域	湿地	1 000	1.20	2 012
水域	水体	1	1.00	2 012
城建用地	城建用地	1	0.25	2 012
未利用土地	未利用土地	200	0.30	1 500

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表 3 张承地区水源涵养功能变化趋势分级统计

Table 3. Classification statistics on the trends of water conservation function in the Zhang-Cheng district

Sen's slope	Z	变化趋势分级	面积占比/%	平均变化趋势/（mm·a⁻¹）
β >0.1	\|Z \| >1.96	显著增长	1.11	0.70
β >0.1	\|Z \| ≤1.96	轻微增长	32.88	0.30
\|β \|≤0.1	–	基本不变	35.10	0.01
β <−0.1	\|Z \| ≤1.96	轻微降低	29.87	−0.54
β <−0.1	\|Z \| >1.96	显著降低	1.04	−1.25

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表 4 张承地区水源涵养功能驱动因素相关性分级面积占比

Table 4. Classification area proportion of correlations between water conservation function and driving factors in the Zhang-Cheng district /%

驱动因素	正相关（r>0）		相关性不显著（p≥0.05）或不相关（r=0）	负相关（r<0）
驱动因素	极显著正相关（p≤0.01）	显著正相关（0.01<p<0.05）	相关性不显著（p≥0.05）或不相关（r=0）	显著负相关（0.01<p<0.05）	极显著负相关（p≤0.01）
降水	99.76	0.08	0.16	0.00	0.00
气温	0.00	0.00	42.95	31.12	25.92
NDVI	0.59	3.82	95.47	0.11	0.01

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表 5 张承地区不同土地利用的水源涵养功能及其变化

Table 5. Water conservation functions and changes in different land uses in the Zhang-Cheng district

土地利用	2020年水源涵养功能		2001—2020年变化
土地利用	平均水源涵养深度/mm	水源涵养量/（10⁶ m³）	面积/km²	水源涵养量/（10⁶ m³）	水源涵养量回归趋势/（10⁶ m³·a⁻¹）
林地	28.64	199.09	2 266.68	−43.11	1.80
草地	19.49	1 119.97	−1 296.32	416.76	−1.53
耕地	25.16	280.20	−1 056.87	−85.42	−6.49
水域	0.00	0.00	18.21	0.00	0.00
城建用地	8.97	5.34	85.37	3.23	0.08
未利用土地	1.45	0.05	−17.07	0.03	0.00

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