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保定平原地下水均衡要素变化解析

井江楠 王文科 段磊 马嘉骏 马稚桐 石涵月

井江楠,王文科,段磊,等. 保定平原地下水均衡要素变化解析[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(0): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208083
引用本文: 井江楠,王文科,段磊,等. 保定平原地下水均衡要素变化解析[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(0): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208083
JING Jiangnan, WANG Wenke, DUAN Lei, et al. An analysis of the changes in groundwater balance elements of the Baoding Plain[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(0): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208083
Citation: JING Jiangnan, WANG Wenke, DUAN Lei, et al. An analysis of the changes in groundwater balance elements of the Baoding Plain[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(0): 1-13 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208083

保定平原地下水均衡要素变化解析

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208083
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0406504);国家自然科学重点基金项目(42130710)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    井江楠(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事旱区地下水文过程与生态效应研究。E-mail:2020129007@chd.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    王文科(1962-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事旱区地下水文过程与生态效应研究。E-mail:wenkew@chd.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P641.8

An analysis of the changes in groundwater balance elements of the Baoding Plain

  • 摘要: 随着南水北调工程的实施及地下水压采工作的落实,华北平原局部地下水水位逐步回升,然而地下水均衡要素变化趋势及对生态环境的影响缺乏系统研究。以华北平原典型区域南水北调受水区保定平原为例,采用水均衡法计算地下水补给和排泄项,应用因子分析法分析1975—2019年地下水均衡要素变化的原因,根据最优开采系数法计算地下水可采资源和压采资源量,以此调控保定平原地下水资源的开发利用。结果表明:近40年来,保定平原地下水补给项小于排泄项,呈负均衡状态,主要发生变化的地下水均衡要素有渠灌入渗、渠系渗漏、井灌回归、河道渗漏、降雨入渗和人工开采;影响地下水均衡要素变化的主要因子是人类活动,贡献率为77.2%;地下水补排失衡减缓后地下水水位埋深增幅变小、地下水水位降落漏斗面积逐渐减少、白洋淀湿地面积逐步恢复;确定了保定平原地下水资源的最优开采系数为0.64,地下水可开采资源量的范围为8.89×108 ~11.35×108 m3/a,压采量为2.68×108~5.14×108 m3/a。研究成果为同类地下水开采利用提供了技术指导,也为雄安新区建设提供了地下水生态环境保障。
  • 图  1  研究区水文地质分区及河流水系图

    Figure  1.  Hydrogeological zoning and river systems in the study area

    图  2  典型剖面岩性变化图(Ⅰ-Ⅰ’)

    Figure  2.  Lithology in the typical proflie

    图  3  保定平原1975—1985年地下水水位埋深变化

    Figure  3.  Variation of groundwater levels in the Baoding Plain from 1975 to 1985

    图  4  保定平原1975、2006、2011、2019年地下水水位埋深空间变化图

    Figure  4.  Spatial variation of groundwater levels in the Baoding Plain in 1975, 2006, 2011 and 2019

    图  5  白洋淀湖泊湿地面积水位变化图

    Figure  5.  Water level change of the Baiyangdian Lake wetland area

    图  6  1980—2019年研究区内渠首引水量变化

    Figure  6.  Changes of water diversion volume of the canal head in the study area from 1975 to 2019

    图  7  1975—2019年研究区内不同水文站径流量变化

    Figure  7.  Runoff variations of different hydrological stations in the study area from 1975 to 2019

    图  8  研究区内耕地面积变化和节水灌溉面积变化图

    Figure  8.  Changes in arable land area and water-saving irrigation area in the study area

    图  9  1975—2019年研究区内农业灌溉地下水开采量变化图

    Figure  9.  Changes in groundwater extraction for agricultural irrigation in the study area from 1975 to 2019

    图  10  1975—2019年研究区降雨量变化图

    Figure  10.  Rainfall variation of the study area from 1975 to 2019

    图  11  研究区内各行政区地下水压采范围图

    Figure  11.  Groundwater compression exploitation scope of each administrative region in the study area

    表  1  研究区浅层地下水均衡要素及其占比

    Table  1.   Shallow groundwater balance elements and percentage in the study area

    均衡要素1975年1985年2006年2011年2019年
    数量
    /(108 m3·a−1
    占比数量
    /(108 m3·a−1
    占比数量
    /(108 m3·a−1
    占比数量
    /(108 m3·a−1
    占比数量
    /(108 m3·a−1
    占比
    补给项降水入渗14.6672.86%16.9578.69%9.1367.34%13.5669.96%10.8376.32%
    井灌回归2.4912.38%2.069.56%1.6612.22%1.598.22%0.473.31%
    渠灌入渗0.180.89%0.150.70%0.221.62%0.100.49%0.020.14%
    渠系渗漏0.462.29%0.391.81%0.554.03%0.261.32%0.050.35%
    河道渗漏0.572.83%0.452.09%0.423.10%1.799.26%0.53.52%
    白洋淀渗漏0.221.09%0.000.00%0.040.31%0.010.06%0.251.76%
    侧向流入1.547.65%1.547.15%1.5411.37%2.0710.69%2.0714.59%
    合计20.12100%21.54100%10.17100%19.38100%14.19100%
    排泄项侧向流出0.351.65%0.351.28%1.615.13%1.355.18%1.358.78%
    人工开采20.7097.37%27.1098.02%29.7494.87%24.7194.82%14.0391.22%
    潜水蒸发0.210.99%0.190.70%//////
    合计21.26100%27.65100%31.35100%26.06100%15.38100%
    地下水储存量的变化量−1.14−6.11−17.19−6.68−1.19
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  研究区浅层地下水均衡要素变化

    Table  2.   Changes of groundwater balance elements of the shallow groundwater in the study area

    均衡要素变幅
    1975—19851985—20062006—20112011—2019
    补给项降水入渗15.62%−46.14%48.53%−20.14%
    井灌回归−17.27%−19.54%−3.86%−70.50%
    渠灌入渗−16.67%46.67%−56.73%−78.99%
    渠系渗漏−15.22%40.00%−53.21%−80.43%
    河道渗漏−21.05%−6.67%327.34%−72.14%
    白洋淀渗漏−100.00%/−72.00%2000.84%
    侧向流入0.00%0.13%34.36%−0.09%
    排泄项侧向流出1.29%353.99%−16.06%−0.07%
    人工开采30.92%9.74%−16.91%−43.22%
    潜水蒸发−7.90%−100.00%//
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  补给项主要驱动因子特征

    Table  3.   Initial eigenvalue, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of the main driving factors of recharge items

    成分初始特征值贡献率/%累积贡献率/%
    13.81854.5454.54
    21.58722.6677.20
    31.16216.6093.80
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  补给项主要驱动因子载荷矩阵

    Table  4.   Load matrix of the main driving factors of recharge items

    均衡要素成分
    123
    降水入渗0.348−0.0640.935
    井灌回归0.906−0.0110.295
    渠灌入渗0.9570.063−0.309
    渠系渗漏0.9570.068−0.277
    河道渗漏−0.1310.940−0.039
    白洋淀渗漏−0.448−0.751−0.127
    侧向流入−0.9190.3550.105
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-08-31
  • 修回日期:  2022-09-22

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