含悬浮物矿井水微絮凝-多级过滤工艺研究

张溪彧; 董书宁; 王锐; 王淑璇; 金鹏康

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208080

含悬浮物矿井水微絮凝-多级过滤工艺研究

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208080

张溪彧^{1, 2,},
董书宁¹,
王锐³,
王淑璇¹,
金鹏康²

1.
中煤科工西安研究院（集团）有限公司，陕西西安　710054
2.
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，陕西西安　710049
3.
陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司，陕西榆林　719000

基金项目: 中国煤炭科工集团科技创新创业资金专项项目（2022-2-TD-ZD005）

详细信息

作者简介:
张溪彧（1993-），男，博士研究生，助理研究员，主要从事矿井水资源化相关研究。E-mail：zhangxiyu@cctegxian.com

中图分类号: P641.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-09-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-19

A study of the microflocculation-multistage filtration technology of mine water containing suspended solids

1.
Xi’an Research Institute, CCTEG , Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China
2.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi　710049, China
3.
Shaanxi Coal Caojiatan Mining Co. Ltd., Yulin, Shaanxi　719000, China

摘要

摘要: 针对含悬浮物矿井水处理过程中固液分离困难的问题，基于核晶凝聚诱导造粒理论，通过室内试验的研究方法，开展矿井水微絮凝-多级过滤工艺研究。首先，通过药剂投加与水利条件调节，诱导悬浮颗粒与絮凝剂形成共聚物，形成絮体沉降时间曲线，通过最优参数选取完成絮体造粒致密化；其次，选择石英砂、人造沸石、活性炭、风积沙 4 种过滤介质，考察不同介质类型及粒径对污染组分脱除效率的影响，分析固-液界面产生的物理作用及化学反应；最终，选取典型矿井开展现场试验，验证该工艺对于不同污染组分的脱除效果。结果表明：（1）在微絮凝阶段采用200 mg/L的聚合氯化铝及200 mg/L的硅藻土联合投加的方式可以大幅度降低沉降时间；（2）在多级过滤阶段1～2 mm石英砂对于浊度去除率可达97.9%，而 4 种过滤介质中人造沸石对于无机离子脱除效果最优，对于 ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 -} $、 ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $、Na⁺去除率分别达到25.5%、44.1%、69.9%。通过研究成果形成的微絮凝-多级过滤工艺可以大幅度降低矿井水处理过程中的停留时间，提高固液分离效率，在此基础上选用天然硅藻土作为成核剂替代聚丙烯酰胺还能有效抑制丙烯酰胺单体的生成，可降低环境风险。该工艺对于含悬浮物矿井水处理具有良好推广应用价值。
- 矿井水 /
- 微絮凝 /
- 多级过滤 /
- 核晶凝聚 /
- 过滤介质
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of difficult solid-liquid separation in the treatment of mine water containing suspended solids, based on the theory of nuclear crystal coagulation induced granulation, the process of “micro flocculation multi stage filtration” of mine water is studied through laboratory experiments. First of all, through the adjustment of reagent dosage and water conservancy conditions, the suspended particles and flocculants are induced to form a copolymer to form a floc settling time curve, and the floc granulation and densification are completed through the selection of optimal parameters. Secondly, four filter media of quartz sand, artificial zeolite, active carbon and aeolian sand are selected to investigate the effects of different media types and particle sizes on the removal efficiency of pollutants, and the physical and chemical reactions generated at the solid-liquid interface are analyzed. Finally, field tests are carried out in typical mines to verify the removal effect of the process on different pollution components. The results show that (1) the sedimentation time can be greatly reduced by adding polyaluminum chloride of 200 mg/L and diatomite of 200 mg/L in the micro flocculation stage. (2) The turbidity removal rate of 1−2 mm quartz sand in the multi-stage filtration stage can reach 97.9%, while the artificial zeolite in the four filter media is the best for the removal of inorganic ions. The removal rates of ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 -} $, ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ and Na⁺ in the filtered water can reach 25.5%, 44.1% and 69.9%, respectively. The micro flocculation multi-stage filtration process formed through the research results can greatly reduce the residence time in the process of mine water treatment and improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency. On this basis, the selection of natural diatomite as nucleating agent instead of polyacrylamide can effectively inhibit the generation of acrylamide monomer and reduce environmental risks. In addition, the process has a certain removal effect on inorganic ions. It is good application value for the treatment of mine water containing suspended solids.
- mine water /
- micro flocculation /
- multistage filtering /
- nuclear crystal coagulation /
- filter medium

HTML全文

图 1 微絮凝-多级过滤试验装置流程图

Figure 1. Flow chart of microflocculation-multistage filtration experimental device

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图 2 单一投加PAC与联合硅藻土沉降时间比较

Figure 2. Comparison of settling time between single PAC and combined diatomite

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图 3 不同滤料对浊度的去除效果

Figure 3. Removal effect of different filter media on turbidity

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图 4 不同滤料对无机离子的去除效果

Figure 4. Removal effect of different filter materials on inorganic ions

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图 5 不同滤料对TDS的去除效果

Figure 5. Removal effect of different filter materials on TDS

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图 6 西部某矿井微絮凝-多级过滤工艺路线

Figure 6. Micro-flocculation-filtration process route of a mine in a western mining area

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表 1 试验运行参数

Table 1. Experimental operation of filter speed parameters

过滤柱	滤速/（m·h⁻¹）	滤柱直径/m	截面积/m²	流量/（L·min⁻¹）
1号过滤柱	4	0.1	0.03	2
2号过滤柱	2	0.1	0.03	1
3号过滤柱	1	0.1	0.03	0.5

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表 2 分析测试方法

Table 2. Analytical test methods

指标	主要仪器或测定方法	参照标准
浊度	HACH2100P型浊度仪	《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2022）^[18]
Cl⁻质量浓度	硝酸银容量法
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 -} $质量浓度	硫酸钡比浊法
Na⁺质量浓度	火焰原子吸收分光光度法
${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $质量浓度	酸碱滴定法	《地下水质分析方法》（DZ/T 0064—2021）^[19]
溶解性总固体（TDS）	重量法	《地下水质分析方法》（DZ/T 0064—2021）^[19]

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表 3 某矿井原水水质指标

Table 3. Quality index of raw water of a mine

指标	浊度 /NTU	质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）				TDS/（mg·L⁻¹）
指标	浊度 /NTU	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 -} $	Na⁺	${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $	TDS/（mg·L⁻¹）
结果	93.6	128	71	310	546	835

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表 4 相关系数矩阵

Table 4. Correlation coefficient matrix

离子种类	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO} }_4^{2 -} $	${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $	Na⁺	TDS
Cl⁻	1	0.942	0.667	0.833	0.972
${\rm{SO} }_4^{2 -} $		1	0.402	0.785	0.972
${\rm{HCO} }_3^- $			1	0.731	0.484
Na⁺				1	0.719
TDS					1

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表 5 微絮凝-多级过滤实际处理效果

Table 5. Correlation coefficient matrix

	浊度/NTU	质量浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）				TDS/（mg·L⁻¹）
	浊度/NTU	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO} }_4^{2 -} $	${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $	Na⁺	TDS/（mg·L⁻¹）
进水	105	128	85	560	335	968
出水	2	144	68	366	121	816

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