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黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究

吴玮江 宋丙辉 刘迪 安亚鹏

吴玮江,宋丙辉,刘迪,等. 黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(3): 12-22 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008
引用本文: 吴玮江,宋丙辉,刘迪,等. 黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(3): 12-22 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008
WU Weijiang, SONG Binghui, LIU Di, et al. Research on the characteristics of water transport in the aeration zone of loess tableland[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(3): 12-22 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008
Citation: WU Weijiang, SONG Binghui, LIU Di, et al. Research on the characteristics of water transport in the aeration zone of loess tableland[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(3): 12-22 doi:  10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008

黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42007274;42067066);甘肃省科学院项目(2022JK-04)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴玮江(1963-),男,研究员,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害防治研究。E-mail:wwj0408@163.cn

    通讯作者:

    宋丙辉(1986-),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害防治研究。E-mail:bhsong@fio.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: P641.6

Research on the characteristics of water transport in the aeration zone of loess tableland

  • 摘要: 在我国西北黄土高原的黄土塬、黄土台塬区赋存有较丰富的黄土潜水,大气降水垂直入渗是其主要补给来源,但对水分赋存和运移的空间通道认识尚有不足。文章基于董志塬、渭北黄土台塬的地貌、地层结构等水文地质条件、地下水利用动态和相关试验资料,结合黄土扫描电镜图像处理与统计分析,对黄土塬区黄土潜水和包气带水分运移的孔隙特征、过程进行了探讨并分带。研究认为孔隙是黄土地下水的主要赋存、运移的空间通道,其最小渗透等效孔径约为12 μm。由孔隙发育的马兰黄土构成的黄土包气带垂向结构组合有利于大气降水的入渗,包气带孔隙中的水分运移非常微弱缓慢,但较为连续均匀。黄土包气带可划分为气候影响带、储存调节带、缓慢运移带和毛细接收带4个带,除上部气候影响带外,其余三带处于基本稳定的水分运移动平衡状态。研究成果可为全面系统地认识黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征提供参考和借鉴。
  • 图  1  董志塬水文地质剖面[18]

    Figure  1.  Hydrogeological profile of the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland[18]

    图  2  董志塬塬边面状渗出的黄土潜水

    Figure  2.  Phreatic water seeps along the edge of the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland

    图  3  黄土塬面降水的面状入渗

    Figure  3.  Infiltration of precipitation on loess tableland surface

    图  4  黄土包气带降水入渗情况

    Figure  4.  Precipitation infiltration in the loess areation zone

    图  5  黄土渗水试验体积含水率曲线

    Figure  5.  Changes in volumetric moisture content of the loess seepage test with time

    图  6  董志塬黄土潜水位动态变化曲线

    Figure  6.  Dynamic variations of phreatic water levels in the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland

    图  7  董志塬黄土孔隙率随深度变化曲线

    Figure  7.  Porosity variation of the Dongzhiyuan loess with depth

    图  8  黄土中的大孔隙、孔洞

    Figure  8.  Macropores and cavities in loess

    图  9  黄土中的结构孔隙(电镜放大1000倍)

    Figure  9.  Structural pores in loess (SEM ×1000)

    图  10  董志塬黄土电镜图像与孔隙分布曲线

    Figure  10.  Scanning electron microscope images and pore distribution curves of the Dongzhiyuan loess

    图  11  黄土包气带含水率变化曲线

    Figure  11.  Variations of moisture content in the loess aeration zone with depth

    图  12  黄土包气带分带图

    Figure  12.  Zoning map of the loess aeration zone

    表  1  董志塬黄土孔隙特性测试结果

    Table  1.   Results of porosity properties of the Dongzhiyuan loess

    地层平面总孔隙率/%可渗透等效孔隙直径/μm
    1#西峰马兰黄土8.914.2
    2#西峰马兰黄土13.012.5
    5#西峰离石黄土6.112.8
    7#驿马马兰黄土7.312.3
    8#驿马马兰黄土6.012.2
    9#驿马离石黄土5.212.8
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-08-06
  • 修回日期:  2022-10-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-16
  • 刊出日期:  2023-05-15

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