黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究

吴玮江; 宋丙辉; 刘迪; 安亚鹏

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008

黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征研究

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202208008

1.
甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所，甘肃兰州　730000
2.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所，山东青岛　266061

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42007274；42067066）；甘肃省科学院项目（2022JK-04）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴玮江（1963-），男，研究员，主要从事工程地质与地质灾害防治研究。E-mail：wwj0408@163.cn

通讯作者:
宋丙辉（1986-），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事工程地质与地质灾害防治研究。E-mail：bhsong@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P641.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-06
- 修回日期: 2022-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Research on the characteristics of water transport in the aeration zone of loess tableland

1.
Geological Hazards Institute, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu　730000, China
2.
First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, Shandong　266061, China

摘要

摘要: 在我国西北黄土高原的黄土塬、黄土台塬区赋存有较丰富的黄土潜水，大气降水垂直入渗是其主要补给来源，但对水分赋存和运移的空间通道认识尚有不足。文章基于董志塬、渭北黄土台塬的地貌、地层结构等水文地质条件、地下水利用动态和相关试验资料，结合黄土扫描电镜图像处理与统计分析，对黄土塬区黄土潜水和包气带水分运移的孔隙特征、过程进行了探讨并分带。研究认为孔隙是黄土地下水的主要赋存、运移的空间通道，其最小渗透等效孔径约为12 μm。由孔隙发育的马兰黄土构成的黄土包气带垂向结构组合有利于大气降水的入渗，包气带孔隙中的水分运移非常微弱缓慢，但较为连续均匀。黄土包气带可划分为气候影响带、储存调节带、缓慢运移带和毛细接收带4个带，除上部气候影响带外，其余三带处于基本稳定的水分运移动平衡状态。研究成果可为全面系统地认识黄土塬区包气带水分运移特征提供参考和借鉴。
- 黄土 /
- 孔隙 /
- 包气带 /
- 水分运移 /
- 地下水
Abstract: There are abundant phreatic water in loess tablelands in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. The vertical infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is the main source of the recharge, but the spatial channels of water occurrence and migration in loess are still ambiguous. Based on the geomorphology, strata structure and other hydrogeological conditions, groundwater utilization condition and related experimental data of the Dongzhiyuan and Weibei loess tablelands, combined with scanning electron microscope image processing and statistical analysis, the pore characteristics and the migration processes of water in the loess phreatic and aeration zones are discussed and zoned. Pores are considered to be the main space channel for the occurrence and migration of loess groundwater, and the minimum equivalent pore size of seepage is about 12 μm. The vertical structural combination of the loess aeration zone composed of the Malan loess with developed pores in the upper part is conducive to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, and the water migration in the pores of the aeration zone is very weak and slow, but is relatively continuous and uniform. The aeration zone can be divided into four zones for loess: the climate impact zone, storage regulation zone, slow runoff zone and capillary receiving zone. Except for the upper climate impact zone, the other three zones are in a basically dynamic equilibrium state of water transport. The research results can provide important references for comprehensively and systematically understanding the characteristics of water transport in the aeration zone of loess tablelands.
- loess /
- pore /
- aeration zone /
- water transport /
- groundwater

HTML全文

图 1 董志塬水文地质剖面^[18]

Figure 1. Hydrogeological profile of the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland^[18]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 董志塬塬边面状渗出的黄土潜水

Figure 2. Phreatic water seeps along the edge of the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 黄土塬面降水的面状入渗

Figure 3. Infiltration of precipitation on loess tableland surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 黄土包气带降水入渗情况

Figure 4. Precipitation infiltration in the loess areation zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 黄土渗水试验体积含水率曲线

Figure 5. Changes in volumetric moisture content of the loess seepage test with time

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 董志塬黄土潜水位动态变化曲线

Figure 6. Dynamic variations of phreatic water levels in the Dongzhiyuan loess tableland

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 董志塬黄土孔隙率随深度变化曲线

Figure 7. Porosity variation of the Dongzhiyuan loess with depth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 黄土中的大孔隙、孔洞

Figure 8. Macropores and cavities in loess

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 黄土中的结构孔隙（电镜放大1000倍）

Figure 9. Structural pores in loess (SEM ×1000)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 董志塬黄土电镜图像与孔隙分布曲线

Figure 10. Scanning electron microscope images and pore distribution curves of the Dongzhiyuan loess

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 黄土包气带含水率变化曲线

Figure 11. Variations of moisture content in the loess aeration zone with depth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 黄土包气带分带图

Figure 12. Zoning map of the loess aeration zone

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表 1 董志塬黄土孔隙特性测试结果

Table 1. Results of porosity properties of the Dongzhiyuan loess

地层	平面总孔隙率/%	可渗透等效孔隙直径/μm
1#西峰马兰黄土	8.9	14.2
2#西峰马兰黄土	13.0	12.5
5#西峰离石黄土	6.1	12.8
7#驿马马兰黄土	7.3	12.3
8#驿马马兰黄土	6.0	12.2
9#驿马离石黄土	5.2	12.8

下载: 导出CSV

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