四川盆地地热地质条件及勘探潜力评价

孙东; 李金玺; 曹楠; 李智武; 张志鹏; 谢小国; 袁梦雨; 蔡鸿燕

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202110028

四川盆地地热地质条件及勘探潜力评价

doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202110028

孙东^{1, 3,},
李金玺^2, ,,
曹楠^{1, 3},
李智武²,
张志鹏^{1, 3},
谢小国³,
袁梦雨²,
蔡鸿燕²

1.
四川省地质环境调查研究中心，四川成都　610081
2.
地球勘探与信息技术教育部重点实验室（成都理工大学），四川成都　610059
3.
四川省华地建设工程有限责任公司，四川成都　610081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41602153；41472107；41230313)

详细信息

作者简介:
孙东（1982-），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要从事地热地质、构造地质方向的研究。E-mail：67986685@qq.com

通讯作者:
李金玺（1981-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事构造地质和地球物理方向的研究。E-mail：lijinxi23@qq.com

中图分类号: P314.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-19
- 修回日期: 2021-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

A preliminary study of the geothermal geological characteristics and exploration potential of the Sichuan Basin

SUN Dong^{1, 3
,},
LI Jinxi^{2
, ,},
CAO Nan^{1, 3},
LI Zhiwu²,
ZHANG Zhipeng^{1, 3},
XIE Xiaoguo³,
YUAN Mengyu²,
CAI Hongyan²

1.
Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan　610081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques, Ministry of Education (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan　610059, China
3.
Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan　610081, China

摘要

摘要: 地处特提斯—喜马拉雅构造域与滨太平洋构造域交接转换部位的四川盆地，是造山带环绕的多旋回沉积盆地，地热资源禀赋较好，但地质构造复杂，不同构造带地热条件和成热模式差异较大，严重制约地热勘探开发与利用。在四川盆地已有地热勘探开发资料和油气勘探研究成果的基础上，系统总结了四川盆地的地热储层、地热流体、大地热流和地温梯度场的特征及分布规律，对比研究了四川盆地不同类型盆山结构区的地热储盖层组合和地热条件的异同性，指明了不同构造单元的勘探靶区。结果表明：（1）四川盆地及周缘的大地热流值为中低热流值，地温梯度在16~30 °C/km之间，地热源受活动断裂和基底构造控制明显，发育传导型水热系统，多属中低温（<90 °C）地热资源；（2）四川盆地的地热资源分布主要受盆地构造、地层分布和水文条件等控制；（3）海相层系至少存在4个岩溶型热储层，陆相地层局部偶夹1~2个砂砾岩型热储层，地下水多为SO₄—Ca型微咸水。研究建议以中~下三叠统和中二叠统岩溶型热储为重点层系，尤其在川东和和川西地区二者勘探潜力较大，其次优选其他海相层系岩溶型热储进行勘探，而陆相碎屑岩热储层盖层、地下水补给和热源等条件较差，勘探潜力一般，开发风险高且需谨慎。该研究可为四川盆地地热勘探开发利用提供理论依据。
- 地热地质 /
- 地质构造 /
- 地热资源 /
- 地热储盖层 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: The Sichuan Basin located in the intersection of the Tethys−Himalaya and Pacific domains is a multicycle sedimentary basin surrounded by orogenic belts. The geothermal resources are good, but with complex geological structures. Geothermal conditions and heat generation models are different in different tectonic zones in the basin, which seriously restrict the geothermal exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resources. In this paper, the distribution of geothermal resources, characteristics of geothermal fluids, heat flow and geothermal gradients in the Sichuan Basin are comprehensively analyzed by collecting the existing geothermal and petroleum exploration and development data. The geothermal reservoirs and caprocks, the burial depth and the resource conditions of different types of the basin-mountain structure areas in the Sichuan Basin are analyzed. The suggested exploration target for exploration and development are proposed in different tectonic units of the Sichuan Basin. The results show (1) the terrestrial heat flow values in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are from medium to low, and the geothermal gradient varies between 16 °C/km and 30 °C/km. The terrestrial heat source is obviously controlled by active faults and basement structure, and the hydrothermal systems are conductive and belong to the low-moderate temperature geothermal resources in the Sichuan Basin. (2) The distribution of geothermal resources in the Sichuan Basin is mainly controlled by basin structure, stratigraphic distribution and hydrologic conditions. (4) There are at least 4 karst-type geothermal reservoirs in the marine strata, and 1 − 2 glutenite-type geothermal reservoirs in clastic strata. Geothermal water is of SO₄ — Ca type and is brackish. The Middle-Lower Triassic and Middle Permian carbonate rocks are considered as the best marine reservoirs, especially in the eastern and western basin. Secondly, other marine karst-type geothermal reservoirs are selected for exploration. The continental clastic rocks should be cautious because their caprocks, groundwater recharge and heat source are worse than the geothermal conditions of the marine carbonate rocks. This study may provide important guidance for further promoting geothermal exploration, exploitation and utilization in the Sichuan Basin.
- geothermal geology /
- structures /
- geothermal resource /
- geothermal reservoir and cap /
- Sichuan Basin

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图 1 四川盆地地质构造与地热资源分布

Figure 1. Geological map of the Sichuan Basin with the structural units, hot springs and geothermal wells

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图 2 四川盆地地温梯度图

Figure 2. Geothermal gradients of the Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地地热资源结构及水化学剖面（剖面位置见图2）

Figure 3. Geological and hydrochemical profile of the Sichuan Basin (profile location in figure 2)

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图 4 四川盆地地热水的Piper三线图

Figure 4. Piper diagram of geothermal waters in the Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地典型盆山结构区储层盖层组合分析图

Figure 5. Geothermal reservoirs and caprocks of the typical basin-mountain structures in the Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地及周缘不同储层地热勘探潜力预测图

Figure 6. Prediction maps of geothermal exploration potential of different geothermal reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery

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表 1 四川盆地构造区内地热储层统计表

Table 1. Geothermal reservoirs for the tectonic units of the Sichuan Basin

构造区	各区地热储层数/处						合计/处
构造区	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	合计/处
上侏罗统～下白垩统	—	5	2	—	—	—	7
中～下侏罗统	—	1	—	—	1	1	3
上三叠统	—	3	1	—	2	—	6
中～下三叠统	2	8	7	3	81	1	102
中二叠统	—	1	12	6	1	—	20
奥陶系	—	—	—	1	4	—	5
寒武系	—	—	4	—	—	—	4
震旦系	3	—	5	—	—	—	8

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表 2 四川盆地地热资源分布统计表

Table 2. Distribution of geothermal resources in the Sichuan Basin

构造分区	温泉点/个	百分比/%	钻井/个	百分比/%	合计/个	百分比/%
Ⅰ	2	5.88	4	3.31	6	3.87
Ⅱ	—	0.00	16	13.22	16	10.32
Ⅲ	11	32.35	20	16.53	31	20.00
Ⅳ	5	14.71	7	5.79	12	7.74
Ⅴ	16	47.06	73	60.33	89	57.42
Ⅵ	—	0.00	1	0.83	1	0.65
小计	34	100.00	121	100.00	155	100.00

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表 3 四川盆地地热点资源统计

Table 3. Recoverable pumpage and flow rate of the geothermal wells and hot springs in the Sichuan Basin

可开采量/流量/（ m³·d⁻¹）	地热井/个	地热露头/个
[0，300）	26	20
[300，1000）	26	6
[1000，2000）	29	4
[2000，3000]	30	3
>3000	10	1

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表 4 四川盆地地热水温度统计

Table 4. Temperature of the geothermal wells and hot springs in the Sichuan Basin

温度/℃	分类	地热井/个	地热露头/个
<25	冷水	2	2
[25，40）	低温温水	29	21
[40，60）	低温温热水	66	9
[60，90）	低温热水	14	—
[90，150）	中温热水	1	—

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表 5 四川盆地地热温泉水TDS统计表

Table 5. TDS of geothermal hot spring in the Sichuan Basin

温泉	TDS/（g·L⁻¹）	温泉	TDS/（g·L⁻¹）
文锦江	93.90～96.70	榮海井	141.94
天赐温泉	3.87～3.97	澄江温泉	2.01
罗浮山	14.32～14.73	静观温泉	1.51
香颂湖	18.60～24.30	融侨温泉	2.66
望丛	9.22	南山温泉	3.03
灵池	81.71～91.08	鹿角温泉	2.76
女基井	230.60	东温泉	2.86～2.99

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