Abstract: The coupling effect between microseismic sensors and the surrounding rock mass directly controls signal response and monitoring effectiveness, and the determination of the valid frequency band of signals is crucial to the reliability of microseismic monitoring in deep-buried tunnels. Firstly, a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration model for the sensor-retrievable device system was established, and based on this, the influence mechanism of installation stiffness on the frequency response characteristics of the sensor was revealed. Secondly, a deep-buried tunnel in Southwest China was selected as an engineering case, and in-situ tests of the sensor-retrievable device system were carried out to analyze analyzed the response differences of microseismic signals between this structure and the grout-filled method. Finally, the time-frequency characteristics of microseismic signals collected under two schemes were compared, and the impact on microseismic data inversion was discussed. The results indicate that the axial direction of the sensor-retrievable device is decoupled from the from the \theta _y directional vibration, while the radial vibration is coupled with the \theta _\textitz and \theta _x directional vibrations; The coupling degree between the sensor and the surrounding rock is jointly controlled by the equivalent vibration stiffness along the axial and radial directions of the borehole. Under the two installation schemes, the microseismic signal acquisition effects were found to be similar: the duration ranged from 270 to 360 ms, the rise time from 10 to 150 ms, and the effective frequency band analysis values were 496 Hz and 510 Hz, respectively (a difference of approximately 2.7%). The spatiotemporal distribution of microseismic events was essentially consistent, and although there were differences in the time-domain evolution of released energy, the evolution patterns agreed. The test results verified the validity of the proposed multi-degree-of-freedom vibration model and the reliability of the sensor-retrievable device. This study can provide quantitative basis and reference for optimizing the installation scheme of microseismic monitoring sensor arrays and for monitoring and early warning in deep-buried tunnel engineering.