大别山花岗岩水土流失区不同修复模式效果评价

代晓彤; 罗敏玄; 谭思祺; 蒋婷; 李冉; 熊瑞民; 周钊; 周建伟

doi:10.16030/j.heg.202404061

大别山花岗岩水土流失区不同修复模式效果评价

Evaluation of different restoration models in granite soil erosion areas of Dabie Mountains

摘要

摘要:
大别山区是我国重点生态功能区，长期存在水土流失、生态系统结构性退化等问题。
目的为解决当地水土流失问题，
方法文章基于大别山区水土流失成因及现状调查，通过改变田坎类型、土壤结构及削减冲蚀强度方法，建立了多修复模式对照试验小区，并对气象指标、植被指标、土壤侵蚀指标与土壤养分四项指标进行监测，最终进行水土流失治理效果分析及综合评价。
结果试验结果表明，各修复手段下试验小区呈现效果区别明显，其中在梯田田埂上建石坎的手段对于土壤减蚀的效果最显著，田面覆盖秸秆也可有效减少土壤侵蚀，护坡植物在减少水土流失的同时反向促进植物生长形成良性循环。建造石坎并种植植物篱（紫花苜蓿和金银花）为最优修复模式，减少土壤侵蚀量可达6423.5 t/hm²，植被覆盖度增加了18%，植物根系增加了9个/m²，并有可观的经济效益产生。
结论该模式适宜在当地修复治理工程中进行推广应用，为我国花岗岩地区水土流失治理工作提供了参考和支撑。

Abstract:
Dabie mountain area is a key ecological function area in China,and there are long-term problems of soil erosion and structural degradation of ecosystems.
Objective In order to solve the local soil erosion phenomenon,
Method the paper is based on the investigation of the causes of soil erosion and the current situation in Dabie Mountain area, through changing the type of field bank, soil structure and reducing the erosion intensity method, established a multi-restoration mode of control test plot, and meteorological indicators,vegetation indicators, soil erosion indicators and soil nutrients indicators for monitoring,and ultimately for the erosion management effect analysis and comprehensive evaluation.
Result The test results show that the effect of each means of restoration in the test area is obvious, in which the means of building a rocky bank on the ridge of the terraced field has the most significant effect on soil erosion reduction, and the covering of the field surface with straw can also effectively reduce soil erosion, and the slope protection plants can reduce soil erosion and at the same time reverse to promote the growth of plants to form a benign cycle. The optimal restoration model is to build a rocky bank and plant a hedge (alfalfa and honeysuckle), which reduces soil erosion by up to 6423.5 t/hm², increases the vegetation cover by 18%, and increases the plant root system by 9/m².
Conclusion The restoration mode proposed in this article is suitable for popularization and application in the local restoration and treatment projects, which provides reference and support for the soil erosion control work in the granite areas of China.

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