ISSN 1000-3665 CN 11-2202/P

    流域型滑坡堵江溃决洪水灾害链预测以白格滑坡为例

    Prediction of flood disaster chain caused by watershed type landslides blocking rivers and collapses: A case study of Baige landslide

    • 摘要: 2018年10月和11月在西藏自治区江达县白格村金沙江右岸同一地点,先后发生两次大规模山体滑坡并形成堵江堰塞湖,堰塞湖回水及溃坝引发的洪水淹没了上下游多个乡镇和村落,并对下游梯级电站的修建造成了巨大影响。遥感影像和实地调查分析揭示,两次滑坡后周缘残存大量潜在不稳定岩土体,特别是2022年12月左后缘残留体再次发生滑塌形成大量滑槽堆积体,观测表明上述岩土体未来仍存在发生失稳、导致滑坡堵江及次生灾害链形成的可能。为了评估和预测残留体失稳堵江及其引发的连锁灾害过程对叶巴滩电站的影响,本文利用RAMMS、DB-IWHR和HEC-RAS数值模拟手段,基于残留体发展趋势进行组合,对不同组合堰塞湖形成-溃坝-洪水演进灾害链进行了研究。结果表明:(1)两次滑坡事件后,滑坡周缘残留岩土体仍处于内部应力调整和缓慢变形,具有进一步失稳的趋势,最新地勘和监测资料显示,K1-1、K1-2、K1-3、K2-1、K2-2和K3区残留体存在较大失稳堵江风险;(2)组合9作为最不利工况,残留体规模435.11×104 m3,预测失稳滑坡堵江形成的堰塞体溢流坝高为48m,堰塞体溃决峰值流量13079.35 m3/s,演进至叶巴滩电站洪峰流量衰减至9873.03 m3/s,演进时间稍有推迟。研究结果为白格滑坡再次堵江溃决洪水灾害风险预测、应急处置方案制定提供参考依据。

       

      Abstract: In October and November 2018, two large-scale landslides occurred at the same location on the right bank of the Jinsha River in Baige Village, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region, resulting in the formation of a dammed lake. The backwater of the dammed lake and the flood caused by the dam break flooded many towns and villages upstream and downstream, and had a great impact on the construction of cascade power stations downstream. Remote sensing images and field investigation analysis reveal that a large number of potentially unstable rock and soil bodies remained at the periphery of the two landslides. Notably, in December 2022, a re-collapse of the residual body along the left rear margin generated large quantities of debris deposits. Observations indicate that the above rock and soil bodies still had the possibility of instability in the future, leading to landslide blocking and the formation of secondary disaster chains. To assess and predict the impact of residual instability and the chain disaster process on the Yebatan Hydropower Station, this study used the numerical simulation methods of RAMMS, DB-IWHR, and HEC-RAS to analyze the disaster chain of formation, dam-break, and flood evolution of different combination barrier lakes based on the development trend of residual bodies. The results show that, after the two landslide events, the residual rock and soil body around the landslide is still in internal stress adjustment and slow deformation, and has a trend of further instability. The latest geological prospecting and monitoring data show that the residual body in areas of K1-1, K1-2, K1-3, K2-1, K2-2, and K3 have a large risk of instability and river block. Composite 9, representing the most adverse condition, has a residual body size of 435.11×104 m3. Simulations predict that the height of the overflow dam formed by the unstable landslide blocking the river is 48 m, and the peak discharge of the blockage body is 13079.35 m3/s. The peak discharge when it evolves to Yebatan Hydropower Station decays to 9873.03 m3/s, with slight delay in flood arrival time. This study provides a scientific basis for the risk prediction and emergency treatment plan of Baige landslide.

       

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