ISSN 1000-3665 CN 11-2202/P
    廖松林,马诗佳,夏菖佑,等. 玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测方法和技术体系研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2024,51(4): 41-52. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202308038
    引用本文: 廖松林,马诗佳,夏菖佑,等. 玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测方法和技术体系研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2024,51(4): 41-52. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202308038
    LIAO Songlin, MA Shijia, XIA Changyou, et al. Research on monitoring methods and technical systems of CO2 mineralization in basalt formation[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(4): 41-52. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202308038
    Citation: LIAO Songlin, MA Shijia, XIA Changyou, et al. Research on monitoring methods and technical systems of CO2 mineralization in basalt formation[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(4): 41-52. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202308038

    玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测方法和技术体系研究

    Research on monitoring methods and technical systems of CO2 mineralization in basalt formation

    • 摘要: 玄武岩CO2矿化封存是近年来逐渐受到关注的新一类CO2地质封存方式,已在冰岛和美国成功开展技术示范。玄武岩CO2矿化封存主要将CO2转化为固体矿物,在CO2注入方式、埋存深度、储盖层物理性质要求等方面与砂岩储层碳封存差异较大,两者监测方案也存在显著差异。文章基于美国Wallula项目和冰岛Carbfix项目的监测经验,结合玄武岩CO2矿化封存特点,梳理不同CO2注入相态(超临界态和溶解态)的玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测方案,横向比较玄武岩CO2矿化封存、咸水层封存和油气藏封存的监测体系。砂岩储层的封存监测体系侧重观测CO2储层的地质构造完整性,以及评价潜在泄漏路径上CO2浓度的变化,监测周期通常要求在50 a以上。相较而言,玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测体系侧重于观测“水-CO2-玄武岩”的矿化反应效果,反映井下流体物质性质的变化,包括各化学组分浓度、示踪剂浓度、pH值等参数,定性定量评价矿化反应程度及碳封存效果。最后,基于咸水层封存和油气藏封存的监测技术经验,结合玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测的技术需求,总结提出由监测范围、监测目的、监测方案和预警体系4大部分组成的玄武岩CO2矿化封存通用性监测体系,形成了“地下-井筒-地表-地上”的三维空间监测体系。文章提出的玄武岩CO2矿化封存监测方法和技术体系具有通用性,可为未来开展玄武岩CO2矿化封存示范项目提供借鉴。

       

      Abstract: CO2 storage in basalt formation has received much attention as one of the new CO2 geological storage methods worldwide. It has been successfully implemented in Iceland and the United States. During the process of carbon storage in basalt, CO2 is transformed into solid minerals, which differs significantly from carbon storage in sandstone reservoirs in terms of CO2 injection method, burial depth, and physical property requirements of reservoir cap. Significant differences are also found in both monitoring schemes. By studying the Wallula basalt storage project in the United States and the Carbfix mineralization storage project in Iceland, this study compared and summarized the monitoring schemes of basalt storage for different CO2 injection phases (supercritical and gas dissolved state). The monitoring systems of basalt storage, saline aquifer storage, oil and gas reservoir storage were further compared. The storage monitoring system for sandstone reservoir focuses on the structural integrity of the CO2 reservoir and evaluating the change of CO2 concentration along the potential leakage path. The monitoring period is usually more than 50 years. In contrast, basalt mineralization and storage technology focus on the mineralization reaction of “water-CO2-basalt”. Its monitoring system is mainly to describe the property changing pattern of each substance from downhole fluid (chemical compositions, tracer concentrations, pH, etc.) during the storage cycle. Moreover, it evaluates the degree of mineralization reaction and the storage efficiency of basalt qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, based on the systematic and comprehensive monitoring scheme of saline aquifer and oil and gas reservoir storage, the basalt-CO2 mineralization storage monitoring technology is analyzed systematically and a complete set of basalt-CO2 mineralization storage monitoring scheme and process is summarized. By comparing different CO2 storage monitoring systems, this study proposes a universal “subsurface-wellbore-surface-ground” monitoring scheme for basalt-CO2 mineralization: monitoring scope, purpose, program, and alert system. This provides basic information for the future basalt-CO2 mineralization storage demonstration project.

       

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