ISSN 1000-3665 CN 11-2202/P
    李万伦,徐佳佳,贾凌霄,等. 玄武岩封存CO2技术方法及其进展[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(3): 164-173. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202107049
    引用本文: 李万伦,徐佳佳,贾凌霄,等. 玄武岩封存CO2技术方法及其进展[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(3): 164-173. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202107049
    LI Wanlun, XU Jiajia, JIA Lingxiao, et al. Research progress on key technologies of CO2 storage in basalts[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49(3): 164-173. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202107049
    Citation: LI Wanlun, XU Jiajia, JIA Lingxiao, et al. Research progress on key technologies of CO2 storage in basalts[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49(3): 164-173. DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202107049

    玄武岩封存CO2技术方法及其进展

    Research progress on key technologies of CO2 storage in basalts

    • 摘要: 玄武岩封存CO2为碳捕集与封存(CCS)提供了一种新的具有潜在意义的选择。当今世界上已有三个示范工程案例,即日本Nagaoka、美国Wallula和冰岛Carbfix,这些实例初步证实了CO2玄武岩封存的技术和经济可行性。玄武岩封存CO2相关技术研究进展包括:(1)Carbfix项目采用水溶液替代胺溶剂来捕集烟气中的CO2气体,以便同时对CO2和其他可溶于水的气体进行捕获,而在排放点源只需简单加装水洗塔等设备作为气体分离装置;(2)冰岛提出了适用于CO2饱和溶液注入与封存的Carbfix方法,设计出能分别注入气体和水溶液的专用系统;(3)Carbfix在注入与封存CO2过程中首次采用示踪元素监测方法,并通过质量平衡方法定量估算注入CO2发生碳酸盐化的百分比,发现往玄武岩里注入CO2不到2年就有95%被完全矿化。今后仍需进一步研究的技术问题包括:(1)CO2饱和溶液与超临界CO2两种注入形式如何选择;(2)能否用海水替代淡水溶解CO2;(3)如何提高地球化学模拟的准确性;(4)如何降低碳捕集、分离和运输环节成本。相关探讨对我国利用基性超基性岩进行CO2封存具有一定借鉴意义。

       

      Abstract: Geological storage of CO2 in basalts provides a new and potentially significant option for carbon capture and storage (CCS). So far, there are only three demonstration projects in the world, namely Nagaoka in Japan, Wallula in the United States of America and Carbfix in Iceland. These examples have confirmed the technical and economic feasibility of geological storage of CO2 in basalts. The main progress achieved on the technology of CO2 capture and storage in basalts are as follows (1) CO2 in flue gas can be better captured by using aqueous solution instead of amine solvent, so that CO2 and other water-soluble gases are easily captured at the same time, while equipment such as scrubbing tower is just simply installed as a gas separation device near the emission point source. (2) The Carbfix method suitable for CO2 saturated solution injection and storage is proposed, and a special system which can inject gas and water solution respectively is designed. (3) In the process of CO2 injection and sequestration, the tracer element monitoring method was firstly adopted, and the percentage of carbonation of CO2 injected was quantitatively estimated by the mass balance method. It was found that at least 95% of basalts were completely mineralized in less than two years after CO2 injection. However, the remain technical problems exist and need to be further studied, which include (1) how to choose the correct injection means between the CO2 saturated and supercritical solutions. (2) Whether sea water can replace fresh water to dissolve CO2. (3) How to improve the accuracy of geochemical simulation of injection and geological storage of CO2 in basalts. (4) How to reduce the cost of carbon capture, separation and transportation. There are still a long way to go before we can effectively deploy such CCS technologies throughout the world.

       

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